Al基纳米复合含能材料的自组装

从Al基纳米复合含能材料的能量方面着手分析比较了各种制备方法的优劣,凸显出了自组装法制备Al基纳米复合含能材料的优势。自组装制备方法能够有效控制Al基纳米复合含能材料中粒子的排布,增加粒子各自的分散性和组分粒子之间的接触,缩短了粒子之间的传质和传热距离,提高了Al基纳米复合含能材料的燃烧速率、反应活性和能量利用率。将目前报道的Al基纳米复合含能材料的自组装制备方法分为两类(直接组装法和间接组装法)进行论述总结,最后提出了自组装法在含能材料制备中的发展方向。附参考文献41篇。     

镁合金表面微弧氧化/自组装复合膜的耐蚀性能

目的 提高镁合金基体的耐蚀性能.方法 采用微弧氧化工艺对镁合金进行预处理,再通过自组装技术处理,在镁合金表面制备微弧氧化/十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷自组装复合膜层.通过SEM、EDS对复合膜的微观组织结构进行分析,并通过XPS、拉曼光谱分析了复合膜的表面成分,利用电化学阻抗谱、极化曲线、盐雾实验和浸泡实验检测了复合膜层的耐腐蚀性能.结果 复合膜均匀覆盖在镁合金表面,且复合膜较为光滑,主要含有C、O、F、Si等元素.经过自组装处理后,膜层从亲水性转为疏水性,接触角达到145.07°.经电化学性能测试,复合膜的Rct值能达到2.242×106?·cm2,与微弧氧化膜相比,增大了2个数量级;此外,复合膜的腐蚀电流密度为1.314×10-8 A/cm2,与微弧氧化膜相比也降低了2个数量级,具有较好的耐腐蚀性.浸泡120 h后,复合膜的腐蚀电流密度仍有1.061×10-5 A/cm2,盐雾实验进行120 h也没有出现明显的腐蚀现象.结论 自组装技术明显提高了镁合金基体的耐蚀性能,微弧氧化膜在一定程度上增强了自组装膜层对基材的粘附力.由于复合膜的疏水性使得水滴在膜层表面停留的时间减少,所以膜层的耐蚀性会随着疏水性增大而大大提高.     

Towards Supramolecular Catalysis with Small Self-assembled Peptides

Self-assembly of small peptides offers unique opportunities for the bottom-up construction of supramolecular catalysts that aim to emulate the efficiency and selectivity of natural enzymes. Small, information-rich, simple molecules based on amino acids can self-organise autonomously into complex systems with emergent catalytic properties. The power of noncovalent interactions can be used to construct supramolecular peptidic tertiary structures. Moreover, specific functional groups present in amino acid side-chains may present either a catalytic activity by themselves or be able to bind cofactors such as metal ions. In this scenario, although relevant progress has been achieved in recent years, promising applications in biomaterials science are foreseen. In this review, we discuss the state-of-the-art of this approach at the interface between supramolecular chemistry and peptide science.     

Functional Peptide Monolayers at Interfaces

Amphiphilic peptides can be designed to form ordered supramolecular structures at hydrophilic-hydrophobic interfaces. These systems rely on the ability of peptides to fold into certain secondary structures at interfaces. This review focuses on the design of amphiphilic β-sheet peptide assemblies in monolayers at interfaces, and their relevance to inducing mineralization and interactions with specific ions. In addition, the review discusses recent studies demonstrating the applicability of designed amphiphilic β-sheet peptides to detection of specific small molecules and to elucidating intermolecular interactions relevant to drug delivery and enzyme catalysis systems.     

基于巴比妥酸衍生物的自组装研究进展

巴比妥酸结构单元作为超分子体系中的重要氢键组件,一直是科学家们关注的焦点。巴比妥酸衍生物在有机纳米材料、太阳能电池、有机光电设备、分子识别等方面都具有广泛的应用前景。综述了具有巴比妥酸结构单元的化合物通过氢键等非共价作用力形成的具有液晶性质的复合物或其他超分子结构。     

The Physical Properties and Self‐Assembly Potential of the RFFFR Peptide

The self‐assembly of fibers from peptides has attracted a tremendous amount of attention due to its many applications, such as in drug‐delivery systems, in tissue engineering, and in electronic devices. Recently, the self‐assembly potential of the designer peptide RFFFR has been reported. Here it is experimentally verified that the peptide forms fibers that are entangled and form solid spheres without water inside. Upon dilution below the critical fiber concentration, the fibers untangle and become totally separated prior to dissolution. These structures readily bind thioflavin T, resulting in a characteristic change in fluorescent properties consistent with β‐sheet‐rich amyloid structures with aromatic/hydrophobic grooves. The circular dichroism spectroscopy data are dominated by a π→π* transition, thus indicating that the fibers are stabilized by π‐stacking. Contrary to what was expected, the dissolution of the spheres/fibers results in increasing fluorescence anisotropy over time. This is explained in terms of HomoFRET between phenylalanine residues with a T‐shaped π‐stacking mode, which was determined in another study to be the dominant mode through atomistic simulations and semiempirical calculations. Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements indicate that the spheres and fibers have a conductivity comparable to that of gold. Hence, these self‐assembled structures might be applicable in organic solid‐state electronic devices. The dissolution properties of the spheres further suggest that they might be used as drug‐delivery systems.     

基于飞秒激光和自组装技术提高树脂涂层疏水性的工艺

目的 针对超疏水涂料功能持久性差的问题,提出一种将飞秒激光加工技术与微球近场效应原理相结合在氟化有机硅树脂表面制备微纳米仿生结构的解决方案。方法 模仿蝴蝶翅膀鳞片微结构特征,以平滑的氟化有机硅树脂表面为基体,采用纳米自组装技术在其表面生长一层二氧化硅微球薄膜,然后设置飞秒激光器的参数,利用激光脉冲能量加工单层二氧化硅微球薄膜,二氧化硅微球颗粒对激光能量有进一步的聚焦加强作用,可以加工微纳米尺寸的结构。重点研究激光功率和扫描速度等参量对氟硅树脂图案形貌及疏水性的影响,并对比分析超疏水涂料和仿生微纳米表面的疏水功能持久性。结果 激光扫描速度和功率参量对仿生表面疏水性能的影响较大,在激光功率为9 mW、扫描速度为10 mm/s、加工间距为10μm时可以获得最佳疏水性能,其接触角达到150°以上,通过常用的摩擦磨损测试实验,对比分析实验结果发现,氟硅树脂层经历200～1000次摩擦后,其接触角（CA）的下降幅度低于传统涂料组,说明具有仿生纳米坑结构的表面的耐磨性更强。结论 利用飞秒激光加工的纳米微孔阵列结构可以明显提高氟硅树脂的疏水特性,并具有优异的持久性。