Temperature dependence of crystal structure and digestibility of roasted diaspore

Through X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electronic micrographs, temperature dependence of the crystal structure of roasted diasporic bauxite at different temperatures and the digestibility of roasting production were investigated systematically. The lattice parameters of unit cell for chemically purified diaspore and unequilibrium alumina-contained oxide obtained from the diaspore roasted at different temperatures were determined. It is found that, with roasting temperature increasing, the roasting production changes from the original dense and perfect diaspore crystal into imperfect corundum with many microcracks and small pores on its surface and then into perfect corundum with low digestibility. The optimum roasting temperature with best digestibility is approximately 525℃ when residence time is about 25min. It is thought that the change of crystal structure, formation of microcracks and small pores in the temperature field are the main essential reasons for improving digestibility of diasporic bauxite and its roasting production.     

铝酸钠溶液蒸发过程中的结垢与防垢

以氧化铝生产中种分母液为对象,研究铝酸钠溶液蒸发过程中碳酸钠和硫酸钠等杂质盐的析出行为及其影响因素。采用对比实验法,研究防垢添加剂对减缓铝酸钠溶液蒸发过程中加热面结垢的影响。研究结果表明：随着苛性碱浓度的升高,铝酸钠溶液中碳酸钠和硫酸钠的平衡浓度明显降低：随着温度降低,碳酸钠和硫酸钠的平衡浓度下降;根据实验结果提出铝酸钠溶液中碳酸钠和硫酸钠平衡浓度与氢氧化钠浓度、温度等因素的定量变化关系式：GR-12、GR-3、GR-4等添加剂防垢效果明显,可降低结垢量60％-70％,有效减缓加热面结垢的形成速度,并抑制溶液中硅的析出。     

亚微米SiC粉体的氧化过程

从热力学和动力学角度研究了亚微米级SiC粉体的氧化过程 ,结果表明 :当温度低于 80 0℃ ,亚微米级的SiC粉体很难在空气中氧化 ;但在较高温度下 (90 0～ 12 0 0℃ )极易氧化 ,且服从抛物线速度方程 ,受氧气通过SiO2 氧化膜的内扩散控制 ,反应的平均表观活化能为 143.4kJ/mol。     

仲钨酸铵在(NH_4)_2CO_3-NH_3?H_2O-H_2O体系中的溶解行为（英文）

研究(NH_4)_2CO_3-NH_3?H_2O-H_2O体系中温度、氨水浓度和碳酸铵浓度对仲钨酸铵(APT·4H_2O)溶解行为的影响。结果表明:当温度低于90℃时,随着温度的升高、时间的延长、氨水浓度的增加和碳酸铵浓度的降低,APT·4H_2O溶解量增大;而当温度高于100℃时,溶解过程中APT·4H_2O溶解量先升高再下降;当温度低于90℃时,未溶解物仍以APT·4H_2O形态存在;当温度高于100℃时,未溶解物则主要以焦绿石型三氧化钨(WO_3·5H_2O)形态存在;溶解过程中,APT·4H_2O先溶解为仲钨酸根离子继而部分转变为正钨酸根离子,最终溶液中正钨酸根离子和仲钨酸根离子共存。该研究可为APT·4H_2O生产新工艺的开发和WO_3·5H_2O的制备提供新思路。     

The Applicability of Debye-Hückel Model in NaAl(OH)_4-NaOH-H_2O System

1 INTRODUCTION NaAl(OH)4-NaOH-H2O system plays a paramount role in the industry of alumina production, and the calculation of its activity coefficients can not only aid to perfect the theory of alumina production, but also accelerate the research and the development of new technology for reducing the production cost and energy consumption. However, the solution in alumina industry has high concentration with extremely complex structure, and the properties of the solution are easily affe…     

分解工艺制度对碳分产品粒度的影响

采用间断碳分的方法，研究了不同搅拌和晶种添加情况对铝酸钠溶液碳酸化分解产品粒度的影响规律。结果表明：采用先快后慢搅拌制度有利于提高产品粒度：随着晶种系数的增大产品平均粒径先增大后减小，晶种系数-0．32达到最大；产品平均粒径随着晶种粒度的增粗而增大，添加粗晶种时，20—45μm颗粒间仍可发生明显附聚。通过控制合适分解工艺，可获得粒度较粗、分布均匀的砂状Al（OH）3产品。     

Activity coefficient calculation model for NaAl（OH）4-NaOH-H2O system

Resorting to Debye-Hückel equation, the conception of the apparent dielectric constant ε' of sodium aluminate solution is introduced. By supposing that all the influences are attributed to it, ε' is successfully related to caustic ratio αK, concentration mNaoH, T and temperature T. Then an activity coefficient calculation model for NaAl (OH)4-NaOH-H2O system from 25 ℃ to 100 ℃ is established, which can be used in much wider αK and mNaoH, T ranges than those covered by the equilibrium solubility data.     

拱坝结构概念与体形的发展

对拱坝结构概念及其体形的发展情况，以及近20年来引起人们重视的拱坝上滑稳定概念等，作了较为系统的介绍，并从事拱坝研究，教学和设计，施工有一定参考价值。     

监测网平差模型间的相互转换

一、引言监测网平差模型很多,大致可分为四类: (a)经典平差 (b)亏秩自由网平差 (c)拟稳平差 (d)加权最小范数平差由文献[1]可知,各种平差模型所得到的改正数V是唯一确定的。因此可认为监测网的平差可分两步:1)相对定向,在VTPV=min下确定网的最佳相对位置,消除几何矛盾;2)绝对定向,即在对位移场做一定假设的前提下确定监测网的外配置,使已有最佳相对位置的网,附合于某一参考系上。对于任何平差模型,其相对定向的结果是唯一的,而绝对定向则因模型不同得到不同的外配置。所以,各种外配置之间必然     

Leaching kinetics of acid-soluble Cr(Ⅵ) from chromite ore processing residue with hydrofluoric acid

Leaching kinetics of acid-soluble Cr(Ⅵ) in chromite ore processing residue (COPR) using hydrofluoric (HF) acid solution as a leaching agent was investigated for potential remediation of COPR with industrial waste water containing HF. The results show that HF can effectively destabilize the Cr(VI)-bearing minerals,resulting in the mobilization of Cr(Ⅵ) from COPR into the leachate. Particle size significantly influences the leaching of acid-soluble Cr(Ⅵ) from COPR,followed by leaching time,whereas the effects...