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81.
A small amount of basic polymer was incorporated in the Nafion membrane. Compared with the re-cast Nafion membrane, the Nafion/basic polymer membrane reduced the methanol permeability considerably. The equilibrium water uptake and proton conductivity decreased, but the thermal and mechanical stability was enhanced with increasing concentration of basic polymer. These property changes were caused by formation of cation/anion complex between acidic Nafion and basic polymer molecules. The effects of the types and molecular weights of basic polymers on the methanol permeability and proton conductivity were not significant.  相似文献   
82.
Ion-based SAFT2 is extended to the properties of aqueous multiple-salt solutions at ambient and elevated temperatures and pressures. The short-range interactions between two different cations are allowed to obtain better representations of the solution properties. The adjustable parameter used in the mixing rule for the segment energy is fitted to the experimental osmotic coefficients of two-salt solutions containing one common anion at various temperatures and low pressures. The predictions of the osmotic coefficients, densities, and activity coefficients of multiple-salt solutions including brine/seawater are found to agree with experimental data.  相似文献   
83.
Five new ionic liquids of 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium iodide were synthesized to develop novel electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells. The effects of photovoltaic characteristics of the cell and the ionic liquid features such as viscosity and ionic conductivity were described. The 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium cation volume was calculated by quantum chemistry method. The linear dependence of photon-to-current conversion efficiency on the non-solvated cation volume was revealed. After lithium iodide was added to 1-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium salts as electrolytes, except the photovoltage, the photocurrent, fill factor and photon-to-current efficiency were improved correspondingly.  相似文献   
84.
Exposure to low storage temperature induces changes in electrolyte leakage and fatty acids composition, in a way depending on the plant tissue. Those changes alter the response of the fruit to storage conditions. The influence of storage temperature on ripening, fatty acids composition and electrolyte leakage of ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit were investigated. Harvested fruit were stored at 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 °C for 5, 12 and 17 days. Measurements of SSC, firmness, flesh colour, fatty acid composition and electrolyte leakage were performed during the experiment. Kiwifruit did not fully ripen during the 17 days storage at any temperature. The major fatty acid component in ‘Hayward’ kiwifruit consisted of linolenic, followed by oleic, palmitic, linoleic and stearic acid. Membrane permeability and unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio increased during storage in all treatments. The highest increase was during the first 5 days and at the lowest temperatures. The increase in unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio was caused mainly by a decrease in palmitic and an increase in oleic acids. Stearic, linoleic and linolenic acids had insignificant changes during storage. The main increase in electrolyte leakage and unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio occurred during the first storage days and at lower temperatures, probably as a response of the tissue to an adaptation to the new stress storage conditions.  相似文献   
85.
A polymerizable monomer, diphenylamine (DPAn), is reported to act as a safety electrolyte additive for overcharge protection of 3.6 V-class lithium ion batteries. The experimental results demonstrated that the DPAn monomer could be electro-polymerized to form a conductive polymer bridging between the cathode and anode of the battery, and to produce an internal current bypass to prevent the batteries from voltage runaway during overcharge. The charge–discharge tests of practical LiFePO4/C batteries indicated that the DPAn additive could clamp the cell's voltage at the safe value less than 3.7 V even at the high rate overcharge of 3 C current, meanwhile, this monomer molecule has no significant impact on the charge–discharge performance of the batteries at normal charge–discharge condition.  相似文献   
86.
限流型氧传感器   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
制作了具有快速响应和高度灵敏特点的限流型氧传感器,传感器再现性好,功耗小,在使用氧2范围(0-10%)内输出线性良好。氧传感器应用温度范围是680-800℃,最佳使用温度是750℃。  相似文献   
87.
无机添加剂对铅蓄电池充放电过程的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过充放电曲线法研究无机添加剂对铅蓄电池充放电过程的影响。研究发现,硫酸钠添加剂对恒电流放电容量的影响分为两个阶段,在循环初期使电池放电容量增大,但在循环后期使放电容量减小;硫酸镉添加剂使电池在恒电流条件下放电容量增大;硫酸铍和硫酸铵在整个循环过程中均使放电容量减小。  相似文献   
88.
在说明VRLA蓄电池与普通铅酸蓄电池主要判别的基础上,阐述实现VRLA蓄电池内部氧循环的两种方法,电解液的保持体超细玻璃纤维棉(AGM)和触变性凝胶(Gel)构成的VRLA蓄电池的特点与差异。  相似文献   
89.
A new type of CsHSO4-HZSM-5 inorganic composite electrolyte membrane is prepared by mechanically mixing CsHSO4 (CHS) and nanometer-scale HZSM-5 zeolite powders. The effects of HZSM-5 on the crystallite structure, proton conductivity, and thermal stability of the CsHSO4 electrolyte are investigated. Incorporation of HZSM-5 is found to significantly increase the low-temperature proton conductivity of the CsHSO4 electrolyte, extending its operating temperature down to 100 °C. The composite electrolyte with 40 mol% HZSM-5 shows the highest proton conductivity in the measured temperature range. The low-temperature activation energy of the composite with 40 mol% HZSM-5 is lower than that of the CHS-SiO2 composite. The improvement of the proton conductivity can be attributed to the enhanced interfacial interaction between the two phases. And the small HZSM-5 particles lead to a change in the bulk properties of the ionic salts. The melting point of the CHS-HZSM-5 composite electrolyte is lower than that of the pure CHS electrolyte. The CHS-HZSM-5 composite electrolyte is suitable for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells operated at 100-200 °C.  相似文献   
90.
La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O2.8 (LSGM8080) powder, showing the highest electrical conductivity among LSGMs of various compositions, is synthesized using the glycine nitrate process (GNP) and used as the electrolyte for an intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell (IT-SOFC). The LDC (Ce0.55La0.45O1.775) powder is synthesized by a solid-state reaction and employed as the material for a buffer layer to prevent the reaction between the anode and electrolyte materials. The LDC also serves as the skeleton material for the anode. An anode-supported single cell with an active area of 1 cm2 is constructed for performance evaluation. A single-cell test is performed at 750 and 800 °C. The maximum power density of the cell 459 and 664 mW cm−2 at 750 and 800 °C, respectively.  相似文献   
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