Facade design optimization for naturally ventilated residential buildings in Singapore

Parametric studies of facade designs for naturally ventilated residential buildings in Singapore were carried out to optimize facade designs for better indoor thermal comfort and energy saving. Two criteria regarding indoor thermal comfort for naturally ventilated residential buildings are used in this study. To avoid the perception of thermal asymmetry, temperature difference between mean radiant temperature and indoor ambient air temperature should be less than 2 °C [F.A. Chrenko, Heated ceilings and comfort. J. Inst. Heat. Ventilating Eng. 20 (1953) 375–396; F.A. Chrenko, Heated ceilings and comfort. J. Inst. Heat. Ventilating Eng. 21 (1953) 145–154]. Thermal comfort regression model for naturally ventilated residential buildings in Singapore was used to evaluate various facade designs either. Facade design parameters: U-values, orientations, WWR (window to wall ratio) and shading device lengths are considered in the investigation. The building simulation results for a typical residential building in Singapore indicated that the U-value of facade materials for north and south orientations should be less than 2.5 W/m² K and the U-value of facade materials for north and south orientations should be less than 2 W/m² K. From the coupled simulation results, it was found that the optimum window to wall ratio is equal to 0.24. Optimum facade designs and thermal comfort indexes are summarized for naturally ventilated residential buildings in Singapore.     

空间精神性的创造 ——从萨尔克生物研究所的中庭广场说起

有些建筑总会在记忆中定格成为 某种特定的场景,就像路易斯·康设计的萨 尔克生物研究所。整个建筑群如同雅典卫 城一样踞于西向临海的悬崖之上,其中最 为感人至深的空间是位于两组对称的研究 塔楼之间的中庭广场。这个空间因其宁静旷 远而具有打动人心的力量,某种可以称之为 “永恒”的东西蕴含其中,使得一处空间场 景具有了超越物质的精神性。这处没有任何 装饰的广场如何创造出空间的精神性,成为 本文分析的缘起。本文从一处空间的深入 解读,通过案例的比较分析,探索创造空间 精神性的方法。中心对称的空间仪式感、空 间引导的指向性、对生活现实的屏蔽以及朝 向天空的立面成为具有相似构成的空间赋予 精神性的方法。     

设计的概念与构造——半透明石材在建筑立面中的表达

本文通过对一个当代建筑案例的分析,试图解析建筑师如何处理在立面上使用半透明石材的难题,并通过设计将这些难题转化成优秀建筑的过程。     

旧城区城市干道综合整治的可操作性研究——以綦江县九龙大道街道综合整治设计为例

本文以綦江县九龙大道街道综合整治为例,探讨了旧城区城市干道综合整治从前期设计到后期实施的整个过程中的问题与难点,总结了其可操作性方面的经验。     

Geometry-based graphical methods for solar control in architecture: A digital framework

The form of a building is among the most critical design aspects concerning building energy consumption. Form-based passive design strategies, like solar control, can significantly reduce heating and cooling demands if implemented early in the design process. In this sense, there is an evident need for tools that can adequately support designers in their decisions. This paper aims to illustrate how geometry-based graphical methods (GGM) can provide effective support in the conceptual design stage. The paper introduces a novel digital framework for designing and analysing shading devices that leverages geometrical models and graphical methods. The digital implementation of GGM allows extending their applicability to three-dimensional and non-planar geometries. A comprehensive review of existing methods and tools for the design of shading devices lays the ground for the proposed digital framework, which is then demonstrated through two case studies. The results show that the diagrammatic nature of GGM facilitates a better and more direct understanding of the relationship between form and performance.