Basic considerations in selection of bucketwheel excavators

Abstract

The bucketwheel excavators offers a number of advantages as compared to the standard surface mining equipment. However, to realize these advantages and make a bucketwheel excavator operation efficient, the excavator design must reflect the site specific conditions, the efficient operating procedures must be developed, and sufficient digging force must be available at the digging wheel.     

Antidiabetic Potential of Commonly Consumed Legumes: A Review

Over the last few decades, lifestyle changes have resulted in a drastic increase in the incidence of diabetes all over the world, especially in the developing countries. Oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin form the mainstay in controlling diabetes, but they have prominent side effects and fail to significantly alter the course of diabetic complications. Appropriate diet and exercise programs that form a part of lifestyle modifications have proven to be greatly effective in the management of this disease. Dietary therapy is showing a bright future in the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Legumes, owing to their high nutritive value, are increasingly being used in dietetic formulations in the treatment and prevention of diabetes on account of their antidiabetic potential. Given this background, this paper reviews the glucose- and lipid-lowering action possessed by various commonly consumed legumes through several animal and human studies. It is concluded that the various legumes not only have varying degrees of antidiabetic potential but are also beneficial in decreasing the risk factors for cardiovascular and renal disease.     

Multifunctional carbon-nanotube cellular endoscopes

Glass micropipettes, atomic force microscope tips and nanoneedles can be used to interrogate cells, but these devices either have conical geometries that can damage cells during penetration or are incapable of continuous fluid handling. Here, we report a carbon-nanotube-based endoscope for interrogating cells, transporting fluids and performing optical and electrochemical diagnostics at the single organelle level. The endoscope, which is made by placing a multiwalled carbon nanotube (length, 50-60?μm) at the tip of a glass pipette, can probe the intracellular environment with a spatial resolution of ～100?nm and can also access organelles without disrupting the cell. When the nanotube is filled with magnetic nanoparticles, the endoscope can be remotely manoeuvered to transport nanoparticles and attolitre volumes of fluids to and from precise locations. Because they are mounted on conventional glass micropipettes, the endoscopes readily fit standard instruments, creating a broad range of opportunities for minimally invasive intracellular probing, drug delivery and single-cell surgery.     

Pectin and calcium chloride treatment for low‐fat fried green gram splits

Fried green gram (Phaseolus mungo L) splits are a traditional savoury relished by consumers of all age groups as an anytime snack. The high oil content in such products is of concern owing to its association with obesity and related health disorders. The present work evaluates the effect of soaking green gram splits in calcium chloride solution (2.5–10 g kg^?1) for 3 h followed by air drying and a subsequent dip in 10–30 g l^?1 pectin solution for 10 min, again followed by air drying, on the oil content in the fried product prepared from them. After frying in groundnut oil at 170 ± 5 °C for 2 min, the oil content in the pretreated fried product was reduced to 211.7 g kg^?1, compared with 335 g kg^?1 for the untreated control. Attempts to further reduce the oil content by applying a second coating of pectin were unsuccessful. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Reuse of a waste adsorbent poly(AAc/AM/SH)‐Cu superabsorbent hydrogel,for the potential phosphate ion removal from waste water: Matrix effects,adsorption kinetics,and thermodynamic studies

The most commonly applied methods for the treatment of used adsorbents is to recover them in acid/alkaline medium or direct enflame them. This work dealt with a new potential and economic method to utilize a waste adsorbent. Poly(AAc/AM/SH) superabsorbent hydrogels have proved to be a good adsorbent for Cu²⁺ ions and after adsorption the hydrogels were recovered in acid medium. In this report, the Cu²⁺ ion adsorbed hydrogel has not undergone any regeneration process and applied directly to phosphate ion adsorption. The Cu²⁺ ions‐loaded poly(AAc/AM/SH) hydrogels, were stable within a wide pH range and suitable for phosphate ion adsorption. The factors affecting the phosphate adsorption, such as pH, ionic strength, contact time, temperature, initial concentration of the phosphate ion, and coexisting ions were systematically investigated. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent; and the maximum adsorption of 87.62 mg/g was achieved at pH 6.1. The adsorption data fitted the Langmuir adsorption isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm. The concomitant anions show profounder adverse influence on phosphate ion adsorption of poly(AAc/AM/SH)‐Cu hydrogel and the effect follows the order citrate > sulfate > bicarbonate > chloride > nitrate. The thermodynamic parameters including ΔH°, ΔG°, and ΔS° for the adsorption processes of phosphate ions on the gel were also evaluated, and the negative ΔG° and ΔH° confirmed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption kinetic results suggest that the adsorption process was well described by the pseudo second‐order kinetic model. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Electrochemical performance of ZnO-coated LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 cathode material

LiMn_1.5Ni_0.5O₄ cathode material was prepared by sol–gel method and annealed at 850 °C for 15 h. The prepared powder was coated with ZnO by dissolving zinc acetate in methanol and LiMn_1.5Ni_0.5O₄ powder was mixed in this solution followed by the continuous stirring for 4 h. The LiMn_1.5Ni_0.5O₄ and ZnO-coated LiMn_1.5Ni_0.5O₄ powder was structurally characterized using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The coin cell was fabricated using ZnO-coated LiMn_1.5Ni_0.5O₄ as cathode materials, LiPF₆, dissolved in ethylene carbonate (EC)/dimethyl carbonate (DMC) (1:1 wt ratio) as electrolyte, and Li foil as anode. It was found that ZnO-coated LiMn_1.5Ni_0.5O₄ cathode materials had the initial discharge capacity of about 146 mA h g⁻¹. The discharge capacity retention after 50 cycles was found to be nearly 97%.     

Enzymic peeling of Indian grapefruit (Citrus paradisi)

The tough nature of grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) peel and its close adherence to the inner fruit sections limit the industrial processing of grapefruit. Two commercial peeling enzymes coded as ‘Brand A’ and ‘Brand B’ were studied for enzymic peeling of Indian grapefruit by vacuum infusion. The peeling process was optimised with respect to process parameters such as scalding time, enzyme concentration, vacuum infusion time and incubation time. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

Quasi-synchronous checkpointing: Models, characterization, andclassification

Checkpointing algorithms are classified as synchronous and asynchronous in the literature. In synchronous checkpointing, processes synchronize their checkpointing activities so that a globally consistent set of checkpoints is always maintained in the system. Synchronizing checkpointing activity involves message overhead and process execution may have to be suspended during the checkpointing coordination, resulting in performance degradation. In asynchronous checkpointing, processes take checkpoints without any coordination with others. Asynchronous checkpointing provides maximum autonomy for processes to take checkpoints; however, some of the checkpoints taken may not lie on any consistent global checkpoint, thus making the checkpointing efforts useless. Asynchronous checkpointing algorithms in the literature can reduce the number of useless checkpoints by making processes take communication induced checkpoints besides asynchronous checkpoints. We call such algorithms quasi-synchronous. In this paper, we present a theoretical framework for characterizing and classifying such algorithms. The theory not only helps to classify and characterize the quasi-synchronous checkpointing algorithms, but also helps to analyze the properties and limitations of the algorithms belonging to each class. It also provides guidelines for designing and evaluating such algorithms     

A one-phase algorithm to detect distributed deadlocks in replicateddatabases

Replicated databases that use quorum-consensus algorithms to perform majority voting are prone to deadlocks. Due to the P-out-of-Q nature of quorum requests, deadlocks that arise are generalized deadlocks and are hard to detect. We present an efficient distributed algorithm to detect generalized deadlocks in replicated databases. The algorithm performs reduction of a distributed wait-for-graph (WFG) to determine the existence of a deadlock. If sufficient information to decide the reducibility of a node is not available at that node, the algorithm attempts reduction later in a lazy manner. We prove the correctness of the algorithm. The algorithm has a message complexity of 2e messages and a worst-case time complexity of 2d+2 hops, where e is the number of edges and d is the diameter of the WFG. The algorithm is shown to perform significantly better in both time and message complexity than the best known existing algorithms. We conjecture that this is an optimal algorithm, in time and message complexity, to detect generalized deadlocks if no transaction has complete knowledge of the topology of the WFG or the system and the deadlock detection is to be carried out in a distributed manner