国产混合型卷烟与国外知名品牌混合型卷烟的分析比较及发展思路

选择市场销售份额较大、档次较高的国产混合型卷烟与国外知名品牌的混合型卷烟进行系统详细的分析比较,找出我国混合型卷烟在物理特性、烟支结构、化学成分、烟气特征、感官质量等各个方面与世界知名品牌的差距。我国混合型卷烟在设计思路及化学成分上存在以下不足：（１）卷烟吸阻分布不合理,滤嘴吸阻偏低;（２）卷烟纸透气度偏高,而滤嘴通风稀释较少;（３）卷烟烟丝化学成分不协调,糖氮比偏高、氮碱比偏低、糖碱比则有高有低。这些差异是造成国产混合型卷烟吸味不佳及焦油量偏高的主要原因。针对这些不足,文章指出了我国混合型卷烟的发展思路及研究方向,认为应从产品设计、工艺加工、基础研究等方面入手。     

烟气余热回收复合制冷系统的可行性研究

基于工业余热回收,提出一种"热水型和蒸汽型吸收式复合制冷系统"。通过对某电厂的余热进行回收,利用该复合系统对数据中心供冷,并与纯蒸汽系统进行对比。从节能性方面,对复合系统冷冻水供回水温度在7/12℃和12/18℃下的能耗进行分析,得出后者比前者节能6.5%,且该复合系统全年可节省2.3×10~7Nm^3天然气。环保性方面,烟气的排烟温度最低温度降到39.1℃,最高温度降到49.2℃,完全高于烟气的露点温度58.7℃,可以减少烟气的白羽现象,对环境保护具有一定效果。     

脱硫塔内雾粒测定仪及其测试技术研究

叙述了雾粒粒径测试仪器的设计原理及为进入塔内测试的结构特点。讨论了有关的测试技术问题，特别对仪器动态测试稳定性问题进行了讨论，还对直接影响信号真实度的采样窗口设定问题进行了讨论。文中还讨论用多闪拟合逼近法对雾粒多峰分布的信号进行分析的方法。最后还介绍并讨论了脱硫塔雾场测试的结果，通过一万多小时的实际运行，证实了所测结果的正确性。     

Perceptual and Psychophysiological Responses of Non-smokers to a Range of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Concentrations

Abstract To estimate the perceptual, psychophysiological and cognitive impact of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) on non-smokers, seventeen male never-smokers, ages 21–33, were exposed to five concentrations yielding mean ETS-respirable suspended particles (RSP) levels of 58, 113, 217, 368, and 765 μg/m³. During each 90-minute session, four smokers were seated behind a partition and smoked, when cued, to generate 70-minute exposures. For control exposures, smokers “puffed” on unlit cigarettes. Odor Strength, Annoyance, Overall Acceptance and Eye Irritation at the lowest level were significantly different from control values and the degree of change generally increased monotonically with ETS level. Fatigue was not affected by any ETS level. Odor Strength (rated highest of all attributes at all levels) at the 217 μg/m³ ETS-RSP level was 12.5% of the maximum odor intensity experienced prior to the study. No effect of ETS on information processing was observed. Psychological state and eye blink rate were affected at only the 765 μg/m³ ETS-RSP level. During times when the participants were not completing a questionnaire or test, all ETS levels resulted in a 5–8% decrease in respiratory rate, due largely to an increase in expiratory duration, but no change in minute ventilation. The breathing changes may represent a psychophysiological response mediated by the olfactory system. Non-smokers are aware of ETS at ETS-RSP concentrations as low as 58 μg/m³ (?80-fold higher than the level typical of current U.S. workplace environments where smoking is permitted) but its sensory impact remains relatively small until ETS-RSP concentrations above 217 μg/m³ are encountered.     

The electron energy-loss spectroscopic analysis of inhaled smoke particles

This paper details the use of electron spectroscopic imaging in the elemental analysis of smoke particles inhaled by smoke-death victims. The results show that these particles have a varied structure and composition. Because of this, these particles may play a far more significant role in smoke inhalation injuries than has previous been recognized.     

光纤烟气光学密度传感器的研制及应用

微小颗粒场相对浓度的测量在大气、工业炉、化工厂及火灾研究等领域有着广阔的应用前景。研制成功一种光纤烟气传感器，用于测量烟气的光学密度。尤其适用于恶劣和危险环境中的测量及自动控制。文中还给出该仪器对火灾烟气的测量实例。     

预分解窑烟气处理及其对高温风机的影响

介绍了脉冲供电技术在我国预分解窑烟气处理上的应用情况，以及烟气是否调质对窑尾高温风机的影响。     

Packaging materials as smoke barriers during fire

During fires in warehouses and shops, the fire smoke and fire-extinguishing agents often cause great damage to both packaged and non-packaged goods. Even products that are stored at a great distance from the fire are often contaminated by the smoke. The decision as to whether such products, after re-packing, are still in perfect condition or not must often be made quickly and it can be especially difficult to judge foodstuffs in this respect. Depending on time aspects and ignorance of the protective functions of a packaging material, the wrong decisions are often made, which results in unnecessary rejections. Generally, it can be said that fire smoke immediately penetrates thin films of, for example, polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), uncoated cardboard and paper, as well as PE-coated cardboard. Packaging materials such as rigid PVC rapidly degrade due to the chemical substances in fire smoke. Evaluation of the barrier properties of packaging materials against model fire smoke shows great differences in breakthrough times between laminates with three or more layers and packaging materials with only one or two layers.     

感烟火灾探测器

介绍了利用光学物理效应的感烟火灾探测器基本原理、结构，并对其两种基本型式进行对比研究．讨论如何设计高性能光电烟雾探测器问题．     

现代战争对坦克自卫烟幕弹药的要求

阐述了现代战争中坦克自卫烟幕弹药应该具备决策、全方、宽波段防护能力，提出了实施的技术途径。