Evaluation of the Heat Treatment Response of a Multiphase Hot-Rolled Steel Processed by Controlled Rolling and Accelerated Cooling

The tensile properties of hot-rolled multiphase steel after heat treatment were analyzed on a laboratory scale. Subcritical treatments applied to the hot-rolled strip revealed an increase in the yield stress and elongation with increasing temperature. Normalizing of the strip at 920°C notably improved the ductile response, while both the yield stress and the anisotropy of every property evaluated at 0°, 45°, and 90° to the rolling direction in the rolling plane were significantly reduced.     

50mm厚700MPa级别低碳贝氏体钢板AH70DB的开发

通过添加不同的微合金元素,结合TMCP+回火工艺,试验了3种不同成分体系的低碳贝氏体钢板AH70DB,研究了在相同轧制工艺和热处理条件下成分对组织及性能的影响,最终成功开发出50 mm厚度700 MPa级别AH70DB低碳贝氏体钢板产品。     

Nb-Mo-V微合金钢中回火硬度峰值时碳化物的研究

Nb-Mo-V微合金钢固溶后在450~650℃温度下回火不同时间,利用透射电镜(TEM)和三维原子探针(3DAP)对不同温度回火硬度峰值样品的显微组织及碳化物进行分析。结果表明:回火温度越高,样品硬度达到峰值所需的回火时间越短;析出强化效果最佳时合金碳化物的等效半径约1.0 nm,数量密度约2.0×10~(24)m~(-3);450℃样品中碳化物是以Nb_4C_3为核心,在渗碳体中原位形核而成,合金元素与碳原子配比接近4:3;500~650℃样品中碳化物的合金元素和碳原子形成团簇、偏聚分布在基体中,并未形成独立晶体结构和稳定元素化学计量配比。     

High temperature deformation of aluminium bronze

Abstract

Hot compression tests were carried out on commercial Cu–8 wt-%Al alloy to test the effect of the deformation conditions on high temperature deformation characteristics and the final structure of the hot deformed material. Dynamic recrystallisation of the material was found to operate at deformation temperatures above ～900 K. Nucleation and growth of recrystallised grains were observed for specimens deformed at temperatures below ～1000 K. However, the flow stress peaks that usually mark the onset of dynamic recrystallisation were hardly seen on the stress–strain curves. During hot deformation of Cu–8 wt-%Al alloy above ～1000 K the interaction of →β phase transformation and deformation processes affected both the flow stress value and the structure of the material. In particular, post-deformation water quenching of the specimens resulted in martensitic transformation within pre-existing β grains. Moreover, local coherent iron particles were detected within β and neighbouring grains.     

THEORETICAL STUDY OF INTERMITTENT DRYING (TEMPERING) IN PROLATE SPHEROIDAL BODIES

The process of intermittent drying in prolate spheroidal bodies was simulated assuming liquid diffusion to be the sole mass transport process, a constant diffusion coefficient and equilibrium conditions at the surface. The mass diffusion equation in a prolate spheroidal coordinate system was used for a two-dimensional case. Due to the use of a dimensionless coordinate system, a Fourier number for tempering is defined, in order to determine the dimensionless time required to achieve a flat moisture content profile. Assuming that the drying process is stopped only once at a fixed point, the tempering Fourier number was determined for aspect ratios of 1.1, 2.0 and 5.0. Many cases were studied, changing the tempering Fourier and aspect ratio of the body. Focusing on the drying rate, the effect of one, two and four drying passes was studied for different interruption points in the process and aspect ratios of 1.1, 2.0 and 5.0, in all cases using the continuous process as a comparison. From the numerical results it was found that during the tempering process, the drying rate and the final mean moisture content are affected by the tempering Fourier number, multipass drying and geometrical dimensions of the body.     

Flow induced stress distribution on wall of blast furnace hearth

Abstract

The flow induced shear stress on the wall of a blast furnace hearth has been computed by solving the Navier–Stokes and Darcy flow equations in the hearth numerically. The Navier–Stokes equations are utilised to compute the flow field in the coke free zone while the Darcy flow equations are utilised for the flow of liquid metal in the coke packed porous zone, known as the deadman. The shape of the deadman was taken to be hemispherical and it was simulated to be porous in nature. The taphole was placed through a block of refractory material through which the metal was allowed to flow out of the hearth. From the resulting flow field the shear stresses on the side wall of the hearth were computed as a function of the length and size of the taphole when the hearth was filled with liquid metal. It has been found that the peak stress value at the bottom plane, midplane (halfway between the bottom and the taphole exit plane), and at the plane of the taphole reduces significantly compared with the case of having no taphole block at all. However, the effect of the size of the taphole on the wall shear stress was not found to be very significant. It was also found that the peak stress decreases with an increase in the taphole length and the location of the peak stress shifts slightly in the increasing direction of θ. Such an arrangement of placement of the block does not produce any more peak stress anywhere in the azimuthal direction at a particular plane; rather, it helps to smooth out the peaks in the stresses arising due to fluid flow. The reasons for mechanical erosion inside the hearth are complicated. However, flow induced shear stresses play a very important role in initiating and aggravating the amount of erosion along with other factors. This has provided the main motivation to compute the flow induced shear stress on the inside wall of the hearth and study the effect of various parameters on it in the present work.     

高强度弹簧钢60Si2CrVAT热处理工艺优化试验

用DIL850L相变Φ4mm×10mm小试样模拟φ26mm 60Si2CrVAT钢(/%:0.60C、0.63Mn、1.50Si、1.08Cr、0.14V)870～950℃淬火试验。结果表明,随淬火温度提高,钢残余碳化物减少,950℃淬火晶粒长大明显,择优选取910℃为淬火温度。生产检验条件下,采用910℃40 min淬火,420℃ 90 min回火,可获得较佳的综合力学性能-即抗拉强度(R_m)1940 MPa,屈服强度(R_p0.2)1 740 MPa,伸长率(A₅)9.5%,断面收缩率(Z)36.5%。     

N80级非调质油井管用钢36-40Mn2V连轧和定径工艺 对组织和性能的影响

通过Gleeble-1500热模拟机,模拟340机组36Mn2V和40Mn2V钢950～1 100℃,变形量0.5～0 8.变形速度1.0 s^-1,水冷和3℃/s冷却的连轧工艺与800～950℃,变形量0.10～0.30,变形速度0.5 s^-1,空冷的定径工艺对组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,36Mn2V和40Mn2V钢连轧变形温度和变形量分别大于1 050℃和0.5时可发生完全动态再结晶,细化晶粒和提高产品综合性能;36Mn2V钢管定径变形量0.3时,40Mn2V钢定径变形量为0.2时,应控制定径温度大于835℃,才能满足力学性能要求。     

Moisture diffusivity of rough rice under infrared radiation drying

To design efficient infrared (IR) dryers for rough rice, it is important to understand the drying behavior of rough rice under IR heating. The objective of this study was to determine the moisture diffusivity of rough rice under IR heating followed by cooling. The effects of initial moisture content, rice temperature, drying bed thickness, tempering, and cooling methods on moisture diffusivity and moisture diffusivity coefficient were investigated. Samples of freshly harvested medium grain rice (M202 variety) with initial moisture content (MC) of 25.8, 31.2 and 33.8 g moisture/100 g dry solid were used. They were dried with IR radiation intensity of 5348 W/m², for six exposure times, 15, 30, 40, 60, 90 and 120 s. The tested drying bed thicknesses were single-layer, 5 mm and 10 mm. The unsteady diffusion equation based on Fick’s law and slope methods were used to describe moisture diffusivity. The results indicated that rough rice moisture diffusivities under IR heating and cooling were significantly affected by rice temperature and tempering treatment, respectively. High heating rate and moisture diffusivity were achieved with IR heating. It took only 60, 90 and 120 s to achieve about 60 °C rice temperature with corresponding moisture diffusivities of 4.8 × 10⁻⁹, 3.6 × 10 ⁻⁹ and 3.4 × 10⁻⁹ m²/s during heating for drying bed thicknesses of a single layer, 5 mm and 10 mm, respectively. The moisture diffusivity coefficients during heating and cooling of IR dried rice with tempering were much higher than those of convective drying, which reflected the high drying rate of the IR drying method.     

ATV61变频器在钢化炉风机中的节能应用

本文介绍了施耐德ATV61变频器在玻璃钢化炉风机中的节能应用,从理论上阐述了变频节能原理。