视频智能交通系统

文章提出了基于视频的智能交通监控系统在一个城市中运用的系统方案,详细介绍了车道级功能模块的实现,同时讨论了车辆属性自动识别的算法、系统软件设计的要点。该系统的应用可极大地提高城市交通管理的效率,具有很好的应用前景。     

Using vanishing points for camera calibration and coarse 3D reconstruction from a single image

In this paper, we show how to calibrate a camera and to recover the geometry and the photometry (textures) of objects from a single image. The aim of this work is to make it possible walkthrough and augment reality in a 3D model reconstructed from a single image. The calibration step does not need any calibration target and makes only four assumptions: (1) the single image contains at least two vanishing points, (2) the length (in 3D space) of one line segment (for determining the translation vector) in the image is known, (3) the principle point is the center of the image, and (4) the aspect ratio is fixed by the user. Each vanishing point is determined from a set of parallel lines. These vanishing points help determine a 3D world coordinate system R _o. After having computed the focal length, the rotation matrix and the translation vector are evaluated in turn for describing the rigid motion between R _o and the camera coordinate system R _c. Next, the reconstruction step consists in placing, rotating, scaling, and translating a rectangular 3D box that must fit at best with the potential objects within the scene as seen through the single image. With each face of a rectangular box, a texture that may contain holes due to invisible parts of certain objects is assigned. We show how the textures are extracted and how these holes are located and filled. Our method has been applied to various real images (pictures scanned from books, photographs) and synthetic images.     

利用小变换和特征加权进行纹理分割

为了提高纹理图象分割的边缘准确性和区域一致性以及降低分割错误率,提出了一种基于小波变换的利用特征加权来进行纹理分割的方法。该方法包括特征提取、预分割和后分割3个阶段,其中,特征提取在金字塔结构小小以变换的基础上进行;预分割利用均人矣类算法来对原始图象进行初步的分割;后分割则根据预分割的结果对特征进行加权,然后利用最小距离分类器来实现图象的最后分割。与传统的方法相比,该方法在分割错误率、边缘准确性以及区域一致性等方面均有明显的改善。     

一种利用附加纹理信息进行三维喷绘的方法

针对三维透视投影视图中对三维物体表面纹理直接进行喷绘,以获得复杂纹理图这一计算机图形交互技术这一新问题,研究了一种将纹理图的象素位置信息转换成彩色信息,然后利用纹理映射将纹理坐标连同该点上的颜色值一起传递到与屏幕象素对应的可见点上的方法,其中颜色值依该点处的入射光线方向和表面法向被进一步转换为光强值,而纹理坐标则被解码后还原成与该可见点对应的纹理坐标,被存入信息缓冲器中,供以后使用,通过解码,可根据屏幕点直接得到纹理象素点的坐标,经过算法优化,实现了对三维物体表面纹理的实时喷绘;同时阐述了在三维图象生成技术中使用附加纹理信息的应用实例以及相关定义。     

经MTF修正的骨X射线图象二维谱估计

根据骨X射线图象的谱特征分析来决定骨质疏松的程度,也许可为识别个体的高骨折风险提供一种自动诊断工具,还可作为监控治疗有效性的客观依据。因为各向异性骨小梁在骨X射线图象中表现为弱纹理,其对二维功率谱只贡献很小一部分,从而导致其功率谱被成象系统的调制传递函数和噪声所遮蔽,这里也许可以将发现骨小梁模式的谱特征视为一种反演问题。由于成象系统的调制传递函数和噪声可视为各向同性,并可统一以合成调制传递函数来表达,且各向同性函数在所有的角度上具有相同的投影。因此可在重构骨X射线图象二维功率谱的过程中,利用滤波反投影方法和傅立叶切片定理,并用合成MTF除以投影功率谱,来准确地将骨小梁模式的功率谱提出。在骨X射线图象和合成图象上进行的实验结果表明,由于各向异性的骨小梁,在重构的二维功率谱中有差异显著的峰,因此一旦获得骨小梁的功率谱,就可定位最大峰值频率,以用于估计骨小梁间距和角度,以及其他纹理特征,进而用来描述其各向异性的程度。由于这些纹理特征与骨结构直接相关,因此可用于预测骨折风险。     

一种基于函数联接网络的纹理分类方法

提出了一种基于函数联接的感知器神经网络的纹理分类方法,它采用高新－马尔柯夫随机场模型（ＧＭＲＦ）对纹理进行描述,模型参数即为纹理特征,参数估计采用最小平方误差方法获得,将估计参数作为表达纹理的特征向量,用感知器网络对特征进行分类,并且采用函数联接的方式解决线性不可分问题,对纹理图象进行的实验表明,采用这种方法能够提高学习速度,简化计算过程,并取得较好的纹理分类效果。     

Diagnosis of lung nodule using Moran’s index and Geary’s coefficient in computerized tomography images

This paper analyzes the application of Moran’s index and Geary’s coefficient to the characterization of lung nodules as malignant or benign in computerized tomography images. The characterization method is based on a process that verifies which combination of measures, from the proposed measures, has been best able to discriminate between the benign and malignant nodules using stepwise discriminant analysis. Then, a linear discriminant analysis procedure was performed using the selected features to evaluate the ability of these in predicting the classification for each nodule. In order to verify this application we also describe tests that were carried out using a sample of 36 nodules: 29 benign and 7 malignant. A leave-one-out procedure was used to provide a less biased estimate of the linear discriminator’s performance. The two analyzed functions and its combinations have provided above 90% of accuracy and a value area under receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve above 0.85, that indicates a promising potential to be used as nodules signature measures. The preliminary results of this approach are very encouraging in characterizing nodules using the two functions presented.

图像分形维数计算技术

在分形科学的研究中,分形维数的求取方法一直是人们所关注的,本文基于目前常见的图像分形维数的求取方法,对各种方法的计算量,适用范围进行分析和比较,给出推荐模型。     

Segmentation of microscope images of living cells

This paper describes a segmentation method combining a texture based technique with a contour based method. The technique is designed to enable the study of cell behaviour over time by segmenting brightfield microscope image sequences. The technique was tested on artificial images, based on images of living cells and on real sequences acquired from microscope observations of neutrophils and lymphocytes as well as on a sequence of MRI images. The results of the segmentation are compared with the results of the watershed and snake segmentation methods. The results show that the method is both effective and practical.

螺旋状匹配搜索的块拼贴纹理合成

基于样图的纹理合成方法是继纹理映射、过程纹理合成等方法后发展起来的一种纹理拼贴方法。该文在Efros块拼贴算法和徐晓刚的螺旋状点匹配搜索算法基础上,提出了一种螺旋状匹配搜索的块拼贴算法。该算法利用纹理块的连惯性,在搜索待合成纹理块时,在已合成纹理块在样本图像中位置的邻域进行搜索,找到匹配纹理块后进行输出。该方法大大加快了纹理合成的速度,与Efros块拼贴算法相比,在合成质量不变的基础上,合成速度平均提高了10倍。对于不同的纹理进行实验,其结果也令人满意。