大气压下不同气体的流注放电特性

大气压下气体放电通常表现为丝状放电形式。流注或先导放电是其气体击穿的起始阶段,相对于低气压下暗放电或辉光放电具有更复杂的演化特性。为了研究不同气体的流注传播特性,采用流体模型对1 cm平板电极中大气压下氮气、氧气,以及氮气混合20%、1%和0.01%氧气的双向流注传播过程进行了仿真计算。光电离作为源项加在流体模型中,在数值仿真时采用解多组Helmholtz方程代替Zheleznyak积分计算。仿真结果表明:氧气含量较低时,流注会出现分叉现象;氧气中流注发展速度较快;氧气中正流注通道半径较大。     

A systematic methodology for kinetic modeling of chemical reactions applied to n‐hexane hydroisomerization

Kinetic modeling provides chemical engineers with a unique opportunity to better understand reaction kinetics in general and the underlying chemistry in particular. How to systematically approach a modeling assignment in chemical reaction kinetics is typically less clear, especially for novices in the field. The proposed modeling methodology pursues an adequate compromise between statistical significance and physical meaning of the kinetic model and the corresponding parameters and typically results in models of an appropriate complexity. It comprises the following activities: (1) data analysis, aiming at qualitative information on the reaction mechanism and corresponding rate equations, (2) model regression to quantify this information via optimal parameter values, and (3) validation of the statistical significance and physical meaning of the parameter estimates. This methodology is successfully applied to n‐hexane hydroisomerization on a bifunctional catalyst. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 880–892, 2015     

立体混合法制毡工艺及其对玻纤增强热塑性材料力学性能的影响

为了改进玻纤增强热塑性复合材料中基体树脂对玻璃纤维的浸渍效果,从而提升制品的力学性能,本文研究开发出一种新型的制毡工艺——立体混合法。该工艺是将基体树脂与玻璃纤维分别拉制成丝束状,展纤后,经改进的开松、混合、气流成网设备制成三维立体结构的连续针刺毡。将制作好的基毡采用层合热压法制备成板材,并对其进行力学性能测试。研究结果表明,制成立体混合毡后的玻纤增强板材浸渍工艺适应性更强,基体树脂与玻璃纤维之间的浸渍距离缩短,接触面积增加,使增强材料浸渍透彻,由该工艺制作出的热塑性板材比传统工艺制作出的板材浸渍效果好。在同等克重和玻纤含量条件下,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、抗冲击强度有了大幅度提升。     

Inhibitors of Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Synthases: Synthesis,Molecular Docking,and Implications

Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases (PhaCs) catalyze the formation of biodegradable PHAs that are considered to be ideal alternatives to non‐biodegradable synthetic plastics. However, study of PhaCs has been challenging because the rate of PHA chain elongation is much faster than that of initiation. This difficulty, along with lack of a crystal structure, has become the main hurdle to understanding and engineering PhaCs for economical PHA production. Here we report the synthesis of two carbadethia CoA analogues—sT‐CH₂‐CoA ( 26 a ) and sTet‐CH₂‐CoA ( 26 b )—as well as sT‐aldehyde (saturated trimer aldehyde, 29 ), as new PhaC inhibitors. Study of these analogues with PhaEC_Av revealed that 26 a / b and 29 are competitive and mixed inhibitors, respectively. Both the CoA moiety and extension of PHA chain will increase binding affinity; this is consistent with our docking study. Estimation of the K_ic values of 26 a and 26 b predicts that a CoA analogue incorporating an octameric hydroxybutanoate (HB) chain might facilitate the formation of a kinetically well‐behaved synthase.     

塔河缝洞型油藏剩余油分析与提高采收率途径

塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏属于古岩溶型底水油藏,投产17年来,标定采收率仅为15%,而老区自然递减率已超30%。分析此类油藏剩余油,明确提高采收率途径,是目前急待解决的技术难题。在目前地质认识条件下,自主研制了系列可视化缝洞组合物理模型,采用物理模拟实验与动静结合分析方法,揭示了剩余油形成的力学机制、主要赋存方式及分布特征。提出了缝洞型油藏当溶孔直径大于4mm时可忽略毛管力的作用,大于此界限的孔、缝中重力分异将起主要作用;明确了主要剩余油的赋存方式是洞顶剩余油、高导流通道屏蔽剩余油、充填多孔介质中残余油及连通不好的盲端油;并提出了针对不同类型剩余油的提高采收率技术途径,为塔河缝洞型油藏高效开发提供了理论依据。     

有强内电场的GaN-基阶梯量子阱中的线性与非线性光吸收

采用密度矩阵方法,考察了带强内建电场GaN-基阶梯量子阱中的线性与非线性光吸收系数.基于能量依赖的有效质量方法,在考虑了带的非抛物性情况下,推导了结构中的精确解析的电子本征态,给出了系统中简单解析的线性与非线性光吸收系数表达式.以AlN/GaN/AlxGa1-xN/AlN阶梯量子阱为例进行了数值计算.结果发现阶梯量子阱的阱宽Lw、阶梯垒宽Lb、阶梯垒的掺杂浓度x的减小将提高体系的吸收系数.而且,随着Lw,Lb和x减小,吸收光子的能量有明显的蓝移,总吸收系数的半宽度及饱和吸收强度均减小.计算获得的部分结果与最近的实验观察完全一致.     

基于口面场方法的W波段高口面效率单脉冲卡塞格伦天线

本文提出来一种应用于直升机防撞雷达的高口面效率W波段单脉冲双反射面卡塞格伦天线。口面分析方法的提出解决了W波段反射面天线口面相位分布不均匀的缺陷,从而有效的提高了口面的利用效率。利用该方法,本文研究并制作了口径为135mm、焦距为40.5mm的W波段卡赛格伦天线,并且设计了由四个E面多缝隙电桥和四个四分之一波导波长延迟线级联构成的和差网络。经测试,该单脉冲天线在93GHz具有38.6dBi的和波束增益,相应的口面效率为54.7%;差波束的零深优于-22dB,副瓣电平小于-18dB。测试结果与基于口面分析方法的仿真结果吻合,从而证明了本文所研究天线可以应用于高口面效率的W波段单脉冲系统中。     

A non‐local continuum damage approach to model dynamic crack branching

Dynamic crack‐branching instabilities in a brittle material are studied numerically by using a non‐local damage model. PMMA is taken as our model brittle material. The simulated crack patterns, crack velocities, and dissipated energies compare favorably with experimental data gathered from the literature, as long as the critical strain for damage initiation as well as the parameters for a rate‐dependent damage law are carefully selected. Nonetheless, the transition from a straight crack propagation to the emergence of crack branches is very sensitive to the damage initiation threshold. The transition regime is thus a particularly interesting challenge for numerical approaches. We advocate using the present numerical study as a benchmark to test the robustness of alternative non‐local numerical approaches. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Displacement Discontinuity or Complex Shape of Sample: Assessment of Accuracy and Adaptation of Local DIC Approach

In this paper, we study the impact of a complex shape of sample and the appearance of a displacement discontinuity on performances of measurement by local Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Both cases are modelled from synthetic images into two parts: one with a speckle field and another part without speckle or two parts with similar speckle fields but with different kinematics. The accuracy of displacement measurements assessed for DIC subsets crossing the boundary between the two parts is lower than the one obtained without discontinuity and justifies adapting DIC method. A new local DIC process is presented in detail. It is an alternative way able to take into account any shape of sample and several curved lines of discontinuity in the same subset. Two experimental examples are presented: displacement and strain fields obtained by DIC and adapted DIC are compared. We can conclude that it is possible to lead a mechanical analysis until the limits of the sample and even during the appearance and the propagation of a crack.