Kinetics of 4-nitrophenol biodegradation in a sequencing batch reactor

In this paper, the biodegradation process of 4-nitrophenol (4NP) in a sequencing batch reactor has been investigated. Kinetic tests have been carried out on biomass grown on mixed substrate (4NP plus biogenic substrate) both in the presence of a biogenic substrate fraction in the feed and with 4NP as the sole carbon source. Removal kinetics for all tests is well described by the typical substrate inhibition pattern as predicted by the Haldane equation. In both sets, estimated kinetic parameters are very similar: no beneficial effect of the biogenic fraction is observed on the 4NP removal while increasing trend of 4NP maximum removal rate with the 4NP/COD(TOT) ratio in the feed has been observed. This finding has been modelled by estimating the fraction of the total biomass involved in 4NP biodegradation as a function of 4NP concentration in the feed. High removal rates, short acclimation times and good settling characteristics of produced sludge (observed during the whole working period) confirm the suitability of periodic systems in enhancing the bacterial potentialities for biodegradation of xenobiotic compounds.     

A model for the frequency of extreme river levels based on river dynamics

A new model for predicting the frequency of extreme river levels is proposed which encapsulates physical knowledge about river dynamics. The central idea is the use of continuous time stochastic processes that use hydrological equations and ergodic theory to model extreme events, rather than relying on statistical fits of classical models to local maximum data. A simple example shows how changes in discharge characteristics change the extreme river level frequencies. Solutions are provided for special cases, and directions for more general techniques are provided.     

外包环形碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁的受剪承载能力试验研究

本文在试验的基础上 ,总结了外包环形碳纤维布加固钢筋混凝土梁受剪破坏的特征 ,分析了碳纤维布对加固梁受剪承载力的作用 ,讨论了加固梁的破坏机理和受力模型。提出了在剪跨内碳纤维布有效应变沿梁纵向的分布规律 ,并以此为基础 ,给出了适合工程设计之用的外包环形碳纤维布加固梁受剪承载力计算公式。经过与试验数据对比 ,发现二者吻合较好。     

常用旋转薄壳通用计算模式

本文是根据弹性薄壳理论,对部分应用非常广泛的旋转壳,通过它们内在的联系导出以超几何函数作为统一计算模式,使复杂的壳体分析(多种函数表达)规范化,便于掌握和运用.文中较多地涉及超几何方程在极限状态时的新方程解,故从应用角度称它们为“退化超几何方程”及“退化超几何函数”解.     

Experimental measurements,integral modeling and smoke detection of early fire in thermally stratified environments

Building fires go through a series of stages. They start with a fire plume period during which buoyant fire smoke rises to the ceiling. A second stage is the following enclosure smoke-filling period. In this paper, the first stage is the subject, especially for the fire plume behavior in thermally stratified environments in large volume spaces. In NFPA 92B, Morton's integral equation was introduced for calculating the maximum plume rise, and beam smoke detectors were recommended for smoke detection design. In this work, experiments and CFD simulations were conducted in a small-scale enclosure and a large space to investigate early fire movements in temperature-stratified ambients. The results show that in a thermally stratified environment, the axial temperature and velocity of a fire plume decrease more quickly along the vertical axis than in uniform environment, and in some cases the fire plume ceases to rise. The previous integral equation was shown to underestimate the actual maximum height of a fire smoke plume, and also was unable to explain the differences of the maximum heights of low-density and high-density smoke plumes with the same stratification and outlet conditions. The integral equation was improved by introducing two correction factors, and extended for non-linear temperature stratified environments. A light section smoke detection method with three space-protected area was suggested and discussed.     

盐岩蠕变特性温度效应的实验研究

对经历不同温度后的盐岩蠕变特性进行了实验研究,研究了应力水平和温度对盐岩蠕变特性的影响,通过实验获得的蠕变曲线和岩石参数,回归出了其稳态蠕变率本构方程。分析结果表明:偏应力和温度对盐岩稳态蠕变率影响较大;稳定蠕变应变率本构方程是作用在盐岩上的应力偏量的幂次函数和能量与温度的指数函数。并从盐岩蠕变模量随蠕变时间的变化规律入手,导出了以蠕变时间为自变量的损伤率演化方程和用损伤表示的蠕变模量演化方程。     

双参数地基层合板的静、动力分析

抛弃了人为的应力和位移假设,直接从三维弹性动力方程出发,建立了正交异性地基板的状态方程,同时导出了双参数地基上四边简支层合板静力问题的解析式和动力问题的频率方程。     

A/O复合式生物膜工艺缺氧段的动力学模型

对A/O复合式生物膜工艺的缺氧段进行了深入研究,并以物料平衡理论为基础,结合莫诺方程和Fick定律,建立了相应的底物降解和微生物增殖的动力学模型.算例结果表明,理论值与试验所得数据有相似的变化趋势,但两者间存在一定的偏差,而且随着进水有机物浓度的增加,其偏差逐渐加大,不过最大偏差率仅为13%,说明模型与实际情况符合较好,比较准确地预测了缺氧段的运行效果,这为该工艺的设计、运行和控制提供了较好的理论基础.     

抽注水引起含水层水平径向运动的位移方程

在垂直方向零应变、垂直方向总荷载不变、忽略骨架颗粒本身的压缩性、骨架颗粒与水分别为均质的假定条件下,推导出均质各向同性多孔介质水平面轴对称径向弹性形变下的位移方程。它与传统假定(Jacob假定)下的水平面轴对称位移方程在形式上没有区别,只是方程中的系数定义式有所不同。新位移方程的系数也比传统假定下的位移方程的系数大,但也仍为常数。如果方程中的系数通过野外试验或模型识别来确定,则对传统假定下的水平面轴对称位移方程与所给出的新方程就没有必要进行区分。但利用抽水试验确定的骨架弹性储水率计算垂向压缩量时,则计算值偏大。     

等截面连续受压直杆临界荷载的求解

利用材料力学、常微分方程及行列式知识,求解了连续受压杆率曲微分方程,计算了不同长度组合受压杆的整体临界荷载及计算长度系数,与钢结构设计中所采用的计算长度系数进行了对比分析。