Effect of Ho-doping on photocatalytic activity of nanosized TiO2 catalyst

Ho-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with higher photocatalytic activity were prepared by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method. The photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange in aqueous solution was used as a probe reaction to evaluate their photocatalytic activities. The effects of Ho doping on the crystallite sizes, crystal pattern, surface composition, and optical property of the catalysts were investigated by means of techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM）, Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS）, Fourier Transform Infrared （FT-IR）, and Photo-Luminiscence （PL） spectra. Moreover, the modification mechanism of Ho doping was also discussed. The results showed that Ho doping could inhibit phase transformation from anatase to rntile, suppress the growth of TiO2 grains, cause blue shift of the absorption spectrum edge, accelerate surface hydroxylation, and enhance the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, which resulted in a significant improvement in the photoreactivity of Ho-doped TiO2. Among them, the Ho-doped TiO2 calcined at 500℃ achieved the highest photocatalytic activity.     

Cu/FSM-16催化苯酚与过氧化氢反应合成苯二酚

 以 Cu/FSM-16为催化剂,以水为溶剂,催化氧化苯酚与过氧化氢羟基化反应合成对苯二酚和邻苯二酚,考察了 Cu/FSM-16中 Cu 的负载量、Cu/FSM-16催化剂用量、反应时间和温度等影响因素。结果表明,在优化反应条件下,苯酚转化率可达到22.7%, 苯二酚的选择性为87.4%,并且该催化剂可以重复使用。     

活性炭负载FeCl_3胶体催化剂催化苯羟基化制苯酚

采用水热合成法制备FeCl3胶体,并通过浸渍法制备活性炭负载FeCl3胶体催化剂,考察了该催化剂对苯羟基化反应的催化性能。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、FTIR、BET和勃姆滴定等技术对活性炭和催化剂的结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,经硝酸处理后的活性炭中含氧官能团的含量增加,且酸性增强,有利用于FeCl3胶体在活性炭表面的负载和分散。该活性炭负载FeCl3胶体催化剂显示了较高的催化苯羟基化反应活性,在反应温度60℃、反应时间6 h、n(H2O2)∶n(苯)=4、苯用量0.5mL、乙腈用量5 mL、催化剂用量0.38 g、FeCl3胶体负载量3 mmol/g时,苯转化率为50.2%,苯酚选择性为99.2%。     

一株刺盘孢属菌的分类鉴定及转化孕酮和雄烯二酮的研究

研究了菌株YNCA0116对孕酮和4-雄烯二酮（4-AD）的生物转化,并对该转化菌株进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定,转化产物经分离纯化后,运用核磁共振（NMR）、质谱（MS）、红外光谱（IR）分析进行结构鉴定。结果鉴定,该菌株为刺盘孢属（Colletotrichum sp.）,该菌转化孕酮得到主产物11α,15α-二羟基孕酮和副产物6β,11α-二羟基孕酮,转化4-AD得到11β,15α-二羟基-4-雄烯二酮。刺盘孢属菌株YNCA0116具有转化甾体二羟基化的能力,对不同甾体化合物羟基化特点有差异。     

二乙胺羟基化合成二乙基羟胺

以改性的TS-1分子筛为催化剂,研究了二乙胺与过氧化氢羟基化的工艺路线。考察了原料配比、反应时间、反应温度等因素对反应的影响,特别是溶剂对反应的重要性。实验表明,反应的最佳条件为:H2O2与二乙胺的物质的量比为1.0~1.1,反应温度75~80℃,反应时间70 min,催化剂浓度4%,叔丁醇-水作为混合溶剂,叔丁醇与水的体积比为2~2.5;H2O2有效转化率88.2%,二乙基羟胺的选择性达到80.1%。     

苯酚羟基化合成二酚催化剂的研究进展

邻苯二酚和对苯二酚都是重要的化工原料和中间体.在催化剂作用下,以H2O2为氧化剂,苯酚羟基化合成二酚是一条反应条件温和、环境友好的合成路线.介绍了二酚的生产现状,综述了苯酚羟基化合成二酚反应中的催化剂的研究进展,并讨论了它们的制备、性能和应用前景.     

Ni对Cu-Ni/γ-Al_2O_3苯羟基化催化剂的影响

通过程序升温还原方法合成了Cu/γ-Al2O3和Cu-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂,使苯直接羟基化制苯酚。该反应过程中,温度和溶剂对Cu-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的反应性能影响进行了探讨。采用H2-TPR、XRD、EDS等表征技术考察了Ni对催化剂结构和性质的影响。结果表明,Ni使催化剂前驱体还原温度增加、活性组分Cu单晶粒度降低、催化剂表面Cu原子数增加;当反应温度为70°C、以水作反应溶剂时,Cu-Ni/γ-Al2O3比Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂有较高反应活性和选择性,苯转化率为32.4%,苯酚选择性为93.3%,苯酚收率为30.2%。     

Cu-Ni/γ-Al_2O_3的制备及其催化苯羟基化反应性能

用程序升温还原方法合成了Cu-Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂,使苯直接羟基化合成苯酚。对该反应过程中,反应温度、反应溶剂、反应原料的不同配比等因素的影响进行了探讨。采用H2-TPR、XRD等技术考察了CuO、NiO的还原状态,确定了最佳还原温度和最佳反应条件:在350℃的还原温度下,当反应温度为70℃、水为反应溶剂、n(H2O)∶n(C6H6)=40∶1、n(H2O2)∶n(C6H6)=5∶1时,苯转化率为36.2%,苯酚选择性为86.3%,苯酚收率为31.2%。     

Contrasting Local and Macroscopic Effects of Collagen Hydroxylation

Collagen is heavily hydroxylated. Experiments show that proline hydroxylation is important to triple helix (monomer) stability, fibril assembly, and interaction of fibrils with other molecules. Nevertheless, experiments also show that even without hydroxylation, type I collagen does assemble into its native D-banded fibrillar structure. This raises two questions. Firstly, even though hydroxylation removal marginally affects macroscopic structure, how does such an extensive chemical change, which is expected to substantially reduce hydrogen bonding capacity, affect local structure? Secondly, how does such a chemical perturbation, which is expected to substantially decrease electrostatic attraction between monomers, affect collagen’s mechanical properties? To address these issues, we conduct a benchmarked molecular dynamics study of rat type I fibrils in the presence and absence of hydroxylation. Our simulations reproduce the experimental observation that hydroxylation removal has a minimal effect on collagen’s D-band length. We also find that the gap-overlap ratio, monomer width and monomer length are minimally affected. Surprisingly, we find that de-hydroxylation also has a minor effect on the fibril’s Young’s modulus, and elastic stress build up is also accompanied by tightening of triple-helix windings. In terms of local structure, de-hydroxylation does result in a substantial drop (23%) in inter-monomer hydrogen bonding. However, at the same time, the local structures and inter-monomer hydrogen bonding networks of non-hydroxylated amino acids are also affected. It seems that it is this intrinsic plasticity in inter-monomer interactions that preclude fibrils from undergoing any large changes in macroscopic properties. Nevertheless, changes in local structure can be expected to directly impact collagen’s interaction with extra-cellular matrix proteins. In general, this study highlights a key challenge in tissue engineering and medicine related to mapping collagen chemistry to macroscopic properties but suggests a path forward to address it using molecular dynamics simulations.     

新疆胡麻卵磷脂乙酰化羟化改性研究

以新疆胡麻卵磷脂为原料,利用2步法合成了乙酰化羟化磷脂。通过测定碘值确定乙酰化磷脂的羟化度,以及磷脂、改性磷脂的乳化性和分散性,结果表明,改性磷脂的分散性明显提高,在O／W型乳状液中,其乳化性也明显改善。