Ultrasound-promoted one-pot four-component synthesis of novel biologically active 3-aryl-2,4-dithioxo-1,3,5-triazepane-6,7-dione and their toxicity investigation

We have described a novel four-component reaction (4MCR) between oxalyl chloride 1, anilines 2a–h, and two molecules of ammonium thiocyanate 3 in acetone under ultrasound irradiation to give 3-aryl-2,4-dithioxo-1,3,5-triazepane-6,7-diones. A synthetically useful ultrasound effect was observed and title products were obtained in high yields after 15–35?min sonication. Our procedure compared to the conventional heating method has the benefit of higher reaction yields and shorter reaction times. The IR spectra showed the presence of N–H, C═O and C═S groups in these compounds and ¹H, ¹³C NMR and Mass spectral results verified their structures. Cellular investigations showed that these compounds are toxic toward cancer cells.     

含酯键和烷氧基胺的两亲性嵌段聚合物胶束的制备及聚焦超声响应行为

以聚乙二醇单甲醚(m PEG)为亲水段,聚丙二醇单丁醚(PPG)为疏水段,用酯键(COO)和烷氧基胺(CON)将它们连接在一起制得了两亲性嵌段聚合物PEG-COO-CON-HDI-PPG。采用核磁共振氢谱对产物的结构进行了表征。通过选择性溶剂诱导法制备了嵌段聚合物胶束,研究了聚合物胶束在高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)下的响应行为。结果表明,超声可使烷氧基胺均裂和酯键水解;用该胶束包覆药物,可以实现对药物的超声控制释放。     

Influence of high power ultrasound on physical–chemical properties of polypropylene films aimed for food packaging: barrier and contact angle features

Investigation was focused on the impact of high power ultrasound (HPUS), also called thermosonication, on the oxygen permeation properties (permeability, solubility and diffusion coefficients) of barrier films aimed for food packaging. For this purpose, biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) coated with acrylic/polyvinylidene chloride (BOPPAcPVDC) and biaxially oriented coextruded polypropylene (BOPPcoex) were used. The physical–chemical profile of the samples was determined using goniometry. There is a significant impact only of extreme HPUS conditions (the longest time and the highest amplitude) on the permeability, solubility and diffusion coefficients of oxygen through the BOPP films. The highest influence on the oxygen permeability in both investigated BOPP samples involved an HPUS with an amplitude of 100% during a 6 min treatment. However, BOPP samples showed different sensitivities at lower HPUS treatments. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry     

Influence of ethanol/water ratio in ultrasound and high‐pressure/high‐temperature phenolic compound extraction from agri‐food waste

The valorisation and management of agri‐food waste are currently hot investigation topics which probe the recovery of valuable compounds, such as polyphenols. In this study, high‐pressure/high‐temperature extraction (HPTE) and ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) have been used to study the recovery of phenolic compounds from grape marc and olive pomace in hydroalcoholic solutions. The main phenolic compounds in both extracts were identified by HPLC‐DAD. Besides extraction yield (total polyphenol and flavonoid content) and the antiradical power, polyphenol degradation under HPTE and UAE has also been studied. HPTE with ethanol 75% gave higher phenolic extraction yields: 73.8 ± 1.4 mg of gallic acid equivalents per gram of dried matter and 60.0 mg of caffeic acid equivalents per gram of dried matter for grape marc and olive pomace, respectively. In this study, the efficient combination of ethanol/water mixture with HPTE or UAE has been used to enhance the recovery of phenolic compounds from grape marc and olive pomace. HPLC‐DAD showed that UAE prevents phenolic species degradation damage because of its milder operative conditions.     

Effect of high power ultrasonic treatment on whey protein foaming quality

High power ultrasonic energy at 20%, 40% and 60% amplitude was applied on whey protein suspension at concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 g kg^?1 for 5, 15 and 25 min to improve its foaming quality. Ultrasound‐treated whey protein suspension at 200 g kg^?1 showed improvement in terms of increased foaming capacity by 18%, foam stability by 35%, consistency index by 18%, storage modulus by 17%, loss modulus by 26% and viscosity by 21% compared with untreated whey protein. For maximally ultrasound‐treated samples of 60% amplitude treated for 25 min, the improved whey protein foams also had a 46% increase in the number of more evenly distributed fine bubbles which had a size smaller than 0.0025 mm³ as imaged using X‐ray microtomography.     

Ultrasound‐based,in‐line monitoring of anaerobe yeast fermentation: model,sensor design and process application

In order to implement process analytical technology in beer manufacturing, an ultrasound‐based in‐line sensor was developed which is capable to determine sound velocity and density via the multiple reflection method. Based on a systematic study of the ternary system water–maltose–ethanol, two models were established to estimate the critical process parameters: sugar and ethanol mass fraction. The sound velocity‐based model showed unreasonable high errors although temperature variations and deviations due to dissolved CO₂ were corrected. In contrast, the sound velocity–density–temperature model provided an average root mean square error of 0.53%g/g sugar and 0.26%g/g ethanol content for the main fermentation. Method, sensor and model showed the capability to capture the process signature which may be related to product and process quality.     

Sonication Assisted Three Phase Partitioning for the Extraction of Palmitic Acid and Elaidic Acid from Cassia sophera Linn.

Ultrasound assisted three phase partitioning (UATPP) has been explored for the extraction of palmitic acid (PA) and elaidic acid (EA) from Cassia sophera Linn. seed powder, and the process were optimized. Ultrasound was applied with TPP to improve the yield with operating frequencies of 25 and 40 kHz and at a power 200 W. The yield of PA and EA was 0.25 ± 0.005% and 0.26 ± 0.006%, respectively, with TPP. The yield was found 0.31 ± 0.002% and 0.32 ± 0.016%, with UATPP at 40 kHz and 180 W power. UATPP was found to be an effective technique.     

TIO2/Nanoclay nanocomposite for phenol degradation in sonophotocatalytic reactor

A TiO₂–nanoclay nanocomposite was used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of phenol in presence of acoustic cavitation. TiO₂–nanoclay nanocomposite was synthesised in benzyl alcohol medium wherein TiO₂ nanoparticles were formed between the nanoclay platelets. The synthesised product was characterised by using FTIR, XRD and TEM techniques. TEM image shows that TiO₂–nanoclay nanocomposite particles were in the range of 30–40 nm. XRD gram confirms the formation of nanocomposite of TiO₂ nanoclay. The effect of cavitation and TiO₂–nanoclay nanocomposite photocatalyst on phenol removal was investigated. The effects of various parameters such as nanocomposite loading, initial concentration, etc., have been studied. On comparing the results obtained with that of nanocomposite without UV, it was found for an initial concentration of 500 mg/L of phenol, the TiO₂–nanoclay nanocomposite exhibited higher percentage of pollutant removal (59%) and for nanoclay it was 47%. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering