Consistent indexing of a (set of) single crystal SAED pattern(s) with the ProcessDiffraction program

A computer program called "ProcessDiffraction" helps indexing a set of single crystal selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns by determining which of the presumed structures can fit all the measured patterns simultaneously. Distances and angles are measured in the digitalized patterns with a graphical tool by clicking on the two shortest non-collinear vectors (spots), using user-supplied calibration data. Centers of the spots and center of the pattern are optionally refined by the program. Suggested individual indexing solutions (consistent with an assumed unit cell) are listed by the program for each pattern. Simulated patterns are also consulted to check if the shortest calculated distances coincide with measured ones. Common solutions for the set are selected by checking the angles between the suggested zone axes against the angles between the experimental goniometer settings. The indexing process is manually controlled by selecting the candidate structures (one-by-one) for indexing and by specifying the tolerances for d-values, plane angles and zone angles. Patterns of any crystal system can be indexed successfully. Although error bars are larger in electron diffraction than in X-ray diffraction (XRD), frequently, many unrelated indexings are possible for any one electron diffraction pattern (irrespective of the indexing method), a set of SAED patterns can generally be indexed unambiguously, i.e. the three-dimensional reciprocal space can be identified correctly. Two other tools also help planning tilting experiments: zones along a plane can be listed (with their angles extended from a pre-selected zone in that plane) and zones lying at a given angle (specified with a tolerance) from a zone can also be identified (as they are situated between two cones). Another tool searches the XRD database directly either for advice on possible structures for a composition or to help calibration.     

Photon contribution to ambient dose equivalent H(10) in the wide-spectrum neutron reference fields of the IRSN

The photon contribution to ambient dose equivalent in several wide-spectrum reference neutrons fields of the Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety were measured using a Geiger-Müller counter. For the investigated fields, the ratio of photon to neutron ambient dose equivalent ranged between 0.03 and 0.20. The results show that the Geiger-Müller tube is a versatile instrument for dosimetry in mixed photon-neutron fields if sufficient information for the calculation of corrections is available.     

基于几何测度的图像置乱度算法研究

分析研究了现有的几种图像置乱度衡量算法,从图像置乱前后相邻像素之间的距离偏移和方向偏移两个方面考虑,提出了基于几何测度的图像置乱度算法;最后通过对比分析,证明该算法具有更好的实用性、有效性与优越性。     

常温注水井对含水层热贯通的影响机理分析

为探究常温注水井对水源热泵热贯通现象的影响,利用FlowHeat1.0软件模拟了3组情景下含水层渗流场、温度场时空分布特征,并分析了常温注水井对含水层热贯通的影响机理和抽水井水温变化规律。结果表明,常温注水井通过减小回灌井、常温注水井之间的水力坡度和延长地下水渗透途径的方式达到缓解热贯通的效果;回灌井、常温注水井流量比相同时,常温注水井在抽灌井连线的位置对含水层热贯通的影响小;抽灌量不变时,常温注水井与回灌井的流量比越大,常温注水井缓解热贯通的效果越明显;在有利地下水回灌的水源热泵系统中,布设常温注水井能有效地降低含水层热贯通程度。     

引调水PPP项目风险分担的区间模糊Shapley值方法

为协调引调水PPP项目风险分担,针对引调水工程特性,系统分析影响风险分担因子,并运用层次分析法和群组决策特征根法(AHP-GEM)对其进行赋权;然后在构造风险损失模糊函数的基础上,运用区间模糊Shapley值法对引调水PPP项目进行初始风险分担;最后结合风险分担影响因子对初始风险分担值进行修正,提出引调水PPP项目风险分担算法。案例分析表明,修正后的风险分担方案有效克服了人的有限预估风险水平及风险损失的波动性,且权衡了各参与方实际风险承担能力,更与实际相符。     

江苏沿海地区第Ⅲ承压含水层动力场对人类活动的响应机制

第Ⅲ承压含水层作为江苏沿海地区的主开采层,超采问题普遍存在,已形成若干区域性地下水位降落漏斗,甚至引发淡水咸化、地面沉降等环境地质问题。为保证当地经济的可持续发展,在充分了解研究区水文地质条件的基础上,利用区域第Ⅲ承压含水层观测孔的多年水位监测资料,重点分析江苏沿海地区第Ⅲ承压含水层开发利用的2个阶段(超采阶段、控制开采和压缩开采阶段)地下水动力场的演变,从各水文地质区间界线的迁移、区域性降落漏斗及地下水水位动态等方面系统阐述了水动力场时空演化的6个发展过程(1990、1995、2000、2005、2010、2015年),发现主采层地下水动力场对开采活动的响应机制十分积极,地下水位对限采的响应机制多为滞后响应,滞后时间与水文地质参数、距漏斗中心距离有关。     

基于AHP-GEM-FCA模型的水电PPP项目脆弱性评价

为准确获知水电PPP项目脆弱性水平,提出基于AHP-GEM-FCA模型的水电PPP项目脆弱性评价方法,即首先针对水电PPP项目特点,以外部环境、社会资本方、政府及项目特征四个视角出发,系统分析了脆弱性成因并构建评价指标体系;然后运用AHP-GEM法对脆弱性指标的权重进行测算,通过结合FCA法确定水电PPP项目系统脆弱性等级;最后运用该模型评价了峡江水电PPP项目脆弱性。结果表明,峡江水电PPP项目脆弱性高,项目整体存在较多漏洞,该结果较为真实地反映了项目实际情况,为水电PPP项目管理者进一步提高薄弱环节提供依据。     

基于RNG κ-ε与LES模型的盲肠河段口门区水力特性数值模拟分析

为分析RNGκ-ε模型和LES大涡模型对盲肠河段数值模拟的影响,采用RNGκ-ε模型和LES大涡模型数值模拟盲端内及口门区的水流特性,并在此基础上研究了口门掺混区的涡流特性及其对盲端内水位和流速的振荡影响。结果表明,相对于RNGκ-ε模型,LES大涡模型模拟的结果更精细、全面;涡流从口门掺混区上游产生,顺水流方向向下游发展,直至溃灭,在主流与盲端下游交汇处涡量最大;剪切涡流造成盲端内流速及水面波动的周期性变化,其中水面振荡的方向与水流方向一致。研究成果为盲肠河段口门区涡流特性研究提供了参考。     

LY混合水电站群集控运行中的利益分配及组织形式选择

针对福建省LY区域集控中心混合水电站群(即3个流域的5座电站)集控运行时不同经营单位的利益分配及组织形式选择问题,提出了利益分配原则及利益分配类型,给出了各经营单位的利益分配计算方法。在分析3家公司4种组织模式的基础上,引入博弈论中的区间二元语义评价方法,提出了决策方式的选择及实施步骤,进而指出组织方式优先顺序为组建股份制公司委托管理模式收购模式流域管理委员会模式,这说明股份制公司为LY混合水电站群集控运行中的最佳组织形式,亦最有利于不同经营单位的利益分配。     

高混凝土面板堆石坝竖缝止水失效时坝前粘土铺盖防渗作用分析

为探讨某高混凝土面板堆石坝在强震等作用下竖缝止水失效时坝前粘土铺盖的防渗作用问题,采用饱和—非饱和渗流有限元法构建三维有限元模型,分析了不同竖缝失效后竖缝处渗透流量明显增大,粘土铺盖坡降增大,但均在允许范围之内,粘土铺盖在止水失效时起到了一定的防渗作用;随着粘土铺盖渗透系数的增大,粘土铺盖阻渗能力减弱,坝体浸润线逐渐升高至失效竖缝的顶端,浸润线抬升速度逐渐变缓,粘土铺盖渗透系数对整个坝体的防渗体系起到重要作用;在坝高100 m对应高程以下竖缝全长全失效情况下,若坝体浸润线高程渗透流量满足渗透稳定要求,就不必做防渗修补工作,面板坝仍能正常运行。