汶川地震灾区风景名胜区灾后恢复重建研究（三）——总体思路与认识

风景名胜区的灾后恢复重建工作不论是对于国家灾后恢复重建总体规划的实施,还是对于灾区的经济社会发展,或是对于风景名胜区本身,都是一项非常紧迫且意义重大的工作,因此,需要制定必要的灾后恢复重建计划,如编制各风景名胜区灾后重建规划、设立新景区景点、发展新的区域旅游线路、加强防灾管理、保障资金来源、制定恢复重建的工作时序等。同时,需配套必要的保障措施以确保灾后恢复重建计划能够完好落实。     

汶川5·12地震灾后重建工作的风险分析与应对

针对2008年5月12日我国汶川地区发生特大地震后的各项灾后重建工作, 从风险管理的角度入手,提出用以进行风险识别、分级和评估的技术方法, 然后依据上述方法,对汶川地震灾后重建工作中可能存在的13类主要风险加以分析, 并提出相应的风险应对措施建议.     

震后设计:运动城市和建筑系列

通过回顾一个非同寻常的系列设计研究工作过程,试图说明应对自然灾害不是简单地重复既往手段,而是对重建的思考和对建筑与城市未来的关注.     

纪念之路： 唐山地震遗址纪念公园国际竞赛一等奖作品

1976年7月28日3点42分发生的唐山地震造成了24万同胞的罹难。笔者借遗址公园设计的契机,代表生者在方案中聊以表达纪念之情。方案设计以及施工的过程,从始至终都贯穿平实的纪念主题,用最朴素的方式表达对这段历史的追忆。设计中尽可能的保留了遗址以及周边环境的原貌,引入了一条纪念之路,并结合基地原有的道路肌理将基地分成了四个基本的部分,四个部分又通过纪念的主题紧密整合在一起。     

消防部队处置地震灾害事故的问题及对策

本文从地震及其危害入手,分析了消防部队作为主体力量处置地震灾害的依据与优势,以“5．12”汶川地震为例提出消防部队处置地震灾害存在的问题和相应对策,并指出开展针对性训练是提高消防部队处置地震灾害能力的有效途径。     

CJ Lim/Studio 8 Architects: Through the Looking Glass

CJ Lim is one of architecture’s greatest illustrators, visualising through his beautiful and delicate drawings and models an enchanted world inspired by Lewis Carroll, William Heath Robinson and Chinese fables. Howard Watson describes how Lim is now breaking through the visionary’s glass ceiling with his realisation of a tunnel installation for the Victoria & Albert Museum in London and a project at an altogether different scale for an eco-city in China. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汶川地震后对大坝抗震安全的思考

简要概述了震区大坝,尤其是坝高超过100 m的4座大坝的震情;总结了此次破坏性地震中有关大坝安全的经验教训;对在我国强震区兴建高坝的有关大坝抗震安全的几个关键问题做了分析和探讨,并提出了相应的建议.     

Nonlinear Analysis of Ordinary Bridges Crossing Fault-Rupture Zones

Rooted in structural dynamics theory, three approximate procedures for estimating seismic demands for bridges crossing fault-rupture zones and deforming into their inelastic range are presented: modal pushover analysis (MPA), linear dynamic analysis, and linear static analysis. These procedures estimate the total seismic demand by superposing peak values of quasi-static and dynamic parts. The peak quasi-static demand in all three procedures is computed by nonlinear static analysis of the bridge subjected to peak values of all support displacements applied simultaneously. In the MPA and the linear dynamic analysis procedures, the peak dynamic demand is estimated by nonlinear static (or pushover) analysis and linear static analysis, respectively, for forces corresponding to the most-dominant mode. In the linear static analysis procedure, the peak dynamic demand is estimated by linear static analysis of the bridge due to lateral forces appropriate for bridges crossing fault-rupture zones. The three approximate procedures are shown to provide estimates of seismic demands that are accurate enough to be useful for practical applications. The linear static analysis procedure, which is much simpler than the other two approximate procedures, is recommended for practical analysis of “ordinary” bridges because it eliminates the need for mode shapes and vibration periods of the bridge.     

Interaction of Shallow Foundations with Reverse Faults

A series of centrifuge model tests is reported that investigated the effects of foundation position on the interaction of reverse, dip-slip faults with shallow foundations resting on sand. The model tests have allowed careful examination of both the soil and foundation deformation as a shear localization (fault) propagates through a 15?m thick sand layer for fault throws up to 5?m. By comparing results of the tests with foundations present with those from a “free-field” test, the effect of the foundation on the faulting pattern has been observed directly. The response of the foundation is very sensitive to the exact position of the fault and even when the fault emerged remotely from the foundation it sometimes caused significant foundation movements. Detailed results are presented for the tests and it is suggested that these results are used as: (1) indications of likely foundation–soil–fault interaction mechanisms; and (2) to allow future validation of numerical models for similar problems. Finally, foundation rotations measured during the fault–foundation interaction tests are compared to those predicted using a simple method based on free-field soil displacements. This simple method makes surprisingly good prediction of maximum fault rotations for different throws.