The Loss of Hydrophobic Polypeptides during Fermentation and Conditioning of High Gravity and Low Gravity Brewed Beer

The object of this study was to investigate the loss of hydrophobic polypeptides, which are important for foam quality and stability in finished beer. Loss of hydrophobic polypeptide due to fermenter foaming occurs during transfer of fermented wort since a gradient of hydrophobic polypeptides towards the surface is created during fermentation. Due to higher polyphenol levels in high gravity (20°Plato) wort, more hydrophobic polypeptides are lost due to cold break (cold trub) precipitation compared to low gravity (12°Plato) wort. Another important factor affecting the loss of hydrophobic polypeptides could be proteinase A activity during fermentation, especially in high gravity fermentation where the yeast is exposed the higher stress. During high gravity fermentation, where osmotic pressures are higher, ethanol levels become greater, and nitrogen‐carbohydrate ratios are lower, more proteinase A is released by the yeast. This release of proteinase A into fermenting wort could have implications for the foam stability of the finished product.     

非线性编辑系统中常见的外部数字接口

非线性编辑系统的接口包括计算机内部接口和外部接口。在外部接口中，数字接口由于其自身的特点和优势被用得越来越多。非线性系统的外部数字接口一般包括数字视音频接口和遥控接口，下面对常用的SDI，IEEE1394，SDTI，AES／EBU，RS232C，RS422A等接口进行择要介绍，并对一些接口的特点作了分析和比较。     

Homogeneity characterisation of sintered (U,Gd)O2 pellets by X-ray diffraction

(U,Gd)O₂ sintered pellets are fabricated by different methods. The homogeneity characterisation of the Gd content seems to be necessary for a production control to qualify the process and the final product obtained. In this paper, we propose an analysis of the X-ray diffraction powder patterns through the Rietveld method, in which the differences between the experimental and the calculated data proposed from a crystalline structure model are evaluated. This result allows us to determine the cell parameters, that can be correlated with the Gd concentration, and the existence of other phases with different Gd contents.     

Influence of CYP3A5 polymorphism on tacrolimus blood concentrations in renal transplant patients

Objective Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug with narrow therapeutic range and wide interindividual variation in its pharmacokinetics. Tacrolimus is a substrate of cytochrome P450(CYP)3A5. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the A6986G polymorphism is associated with tacrolimus concentration /dose ratio. Methods Fifty-two Chinese renal transplant patients were enrolled in this study. Their body weight, dosage and concentration of tacrolimus were observed. CYP3A5 genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results A significant association was found between tacrolimus levels per dose/kg/d and CYP3A5 gene A6986G polymorphism (P<0.001). The CYP3A5 * 3 * 3 patients have a significantly higher tacrolimus level/dose than CYP3A5 * 1 * 1 and CYP3A5 * 1 * 3. Conclusions CYP3A5 gene A6986G polymorphism is associated with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and dose requirements. Pharmacogenetic methods could be employed prospectively to help the dose selection and to individualize immunosuppressive therapy according to the result. Foundation item: Project (03GZ3072) supported by the Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province; project (2004035206) supported by the China Postdoctoral Foundation and project (30300383) supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China     

甘三酯立体专一分析的研究：（Ⅱ）甘三酯立体专一分析方法初探

在第一部分综合讨论的基础上对甘三酯立体专一分析方法作了初步探讨。以液体油(菜油)及固体脂(猪脂)为基质,系统地研究了这一分析方法,取得了经验并补充了一些具体验证方法。分析液体油的结果与文献数据相一致,分析猪脂的结果欠佳,还存在一些问题需待进一步研究。     

Fabrication of multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polyelectrolyte hollow nanofibers by electrospinning

Hybrid hollow multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/polyelectrolytes (PE) nanofibers were prepared by a combination of the electrospinning method and layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The mixed polystyrene (PS)/MWCNTs nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning method, which were employed as templates to self-assembly multilayered polyelectrolytes by LbL technique. Hollow MWCNTs/PE nanofibers were obtained by selectively removed part of the template: PS, which is confirmed by Raman spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).     

LMB-018A显示模块的原理及与DSP的接口

LMB-018A是深圳拓微电子有限公司推出的内含控制器和驱动器的点阵式液晶显示模块。文中介绍了该模块的原理及功能．给出了其与DSP接口的硬件电路和软件设计方法。     

A new colloidal precursor cooperative conversion route to nanocrystalline quaternary copper sulfide

A novel milk-like Cu-thiourea colloid has been synthesized. Nanocrystalline quaternary copper sulfide Cu₂FeSnS₄ was obtained through the Cu-thiourea colloidal precursor cooperative conversion route at low temperature. The samples were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy techniques. The reaction details and features were described and discussed.     

Acidity and basicity of hydrotalcite derived mixed Mg-Al oxides studied by test reaction of MBOH conversion and temperature programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2

Mg-Al hydrotalcites intercalated with five different interlayer anions—CO₃²⁻, SO₄²⁻, Cl⁻, HPO₄²⁻ or terephthalate—were synthesized by either the coprecipitation or ion-exchange method. The structure of the as-synthesized samples and the presence of intended anions in the interlayer gallery of hydrotalcites were determined by X-ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. On calcination at 600 °C the materials were transformed into mixed metal oxides. The kind of the counterbalancing anions present in the parent hydrotalcite influences strongly textural parameters of the obtained Mg-Al oxides. Both temperature-programmed desorption of NH₃ and CO₂, and test reaction of 2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol (MBOH) conversion were used to determine the acidity and basicity of the samples. The hydrotalcite derived mixed Mg-Al oxides showed the presence of Brønsted and Lewis acid and base sites. However, the strong basic character of the solids caused that acetone and acetylene were observed as the major products of MBOH conversion.     

The reaction of ceria coatings on mica with H2S: An in-situ X-ray diffraction study

Thin layers of ceria were deposited on the surface of mica platelets in solution. The reaction of such particles with hydrogen sulfide yields a red colored special effect pigment. The ceria layer reacts with H₂S to produce a variety of sulfide and oxysulfide phases. The reaction path discovered in situ by time and temperature resolved X-ray diffraction is CeO₂→CeS₂→C-Ce₂S₃→Ce₁₀S₁₄O. The reaction itself is extremely variable depending on gas flow, heating rates and decomposition atmospheres. Effects on the thin film are recorded by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and revealed a destruction of the layer once red Ce₁₀S₁₄O was formed. The product layer then reveals the typical nonwetting behaviour of a liquid on a surface.