裂变气体分离器气泡分离轨迹的数值模拟

钍基熔盐堆是我国重点开发的第四代核反应堆之一,其裂变反应产生的中子俘获截面大的Kr、Xe等裂变气体以微气泡的形式存在于熔盐冷却剂中,对裂变气体的分离是提高熔盐堆中子经济性、实现燃料深燃耗的重要环节。为定量地获得分离器内气泡的分离行为,采用数值模拟和理论建模相结合的方法,得到旋流场的流场分布特征;通过建立旋流场中气泡运动控制方程,分析并计算不同旋流度和气泡直径下的分离长度。与实验数据对比发现,数值模拟结果和实验数据吻合良好,表明数值模拟方法可以用于气液分离器的优化设计。     

基于RobustICA的数字调制混合信号盲源分离算法

针对含噪环境下数字调制混合信号盲源分离(BSS)误码率(BER)过高的问题,提出了一种基于RobustICA的二阶段盲源分离算法R-TSBS。该算法采用RobustICA算法对阵列响应向量构成的混合矩阵进行估计,然后利用数字调制信号的有限符号集特征,在第二阶段用最大似然估计(MLE)方法估计各个数字调制源信号发送的符号序列,达到盲源分离的目的。实验仿真表明,传统的独立成分分析(ICA)算法如RobustICA算法和FastICA算法误码率很高,在信噪比(SNR)为10 dB时,其误码率达到了3.5×10^-2左右,而基于FastICA的二阶段盲源分离算法F-TSBS和基于RobustICA的二阶段盲源分离算法R-TSBS的误码率则下降到了10^-3,分离性能得到了明显改善;在较低的信噪比(0~4 dB)下,R-TSBS算法较F-TSBS算法约有2 dB性能提升。     

西藏某特大型铜钼矿矿石选矿试验

地处西藏高海拔生态脆弱区的某特大型铜钼矿矿石铜钼品位不高,伴生的金、银有综合回收价值。为了确定生产指标好、对矿区生态环境扰动小的开发利用方案,北京矿冶研究总院以自主开发的高效、低用量、易降解捕收剂BK401和起泡剂BK201为主要浮选药剂,进行了选矿试验研究。结果表明,矿石磨至-200目占70%后,采用2粗2精2扫铜钼混浮-1粗2扫铜钼分离-钼粗精矿再磨至-400目占80%后再进行5次精选-中矿顺序返回流程处理,最终可获得铜、金、银品位分别为26.22%、4.83 g/t、384.00 g/t,铜、金、银回收率分别为91.09%、59.42%、73.62%的铜精矿,以及钼品位为46.85%、钼回收率为65.18%的钼精矿。该试验研究成果对同一地区类似矿山的选矿具有指导和示范意义。     

新疆某低品位钼矿石高效利用选矿试验

新疆某低品位钼矿石钼品位仅0.076%。矿石中除钼外,还伴生含量为0.033%的铜和含量为1.232%的硫。虽然钼、铜、硫主要以辉铜矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿形式存在,但它们共生关系密切,分离困难。根据矿石性质开展综合回收钼、铜、硫的选矿试验,首先将原矿粗磨至-0.074 mm占85%后进行钼铜硫的混合浮选,然后将钼铜硫混合精矿细磨至-0.043 mm占95%后进行钼铜与硫的分离浮选,最后对钼铜混合精矿进行钼与铜的分离浮选,并在钼铜硫混合浮选过程中使用新型捕收剂GZW101和新型抑制剂GTS、在钼铜分离浮选过程中使用新型抑制剂GLN,最终获得了钼品位为47.03%、钼回收率为73.20%的钼精矿以及铜品位为14.89%、铜回收率为77.26%的铜精矿和硫品位为54.26%、硫回收率为88.94%的硫精矿,从而为该矿石的高效利用提供了依据。     

电泳沉积预涂晶种制备NaY分子筛膜及其分离性能

通过电泳沉积方法预涂晶种二次生长法制备出Y型分子筛膜。采用Y型分子筛合成的导向剂作为预涂晶种。考察了导向剂的陈化时间,电泳电压和电泳沉积时间对晶种质量以及分子筛膜的影响。结果表明,在电泳的作用下,导向剂作为晶种能够均匀地沉积在载体表面。二次合成后的载体的XRD表征显示,纯的Y型分子筛膜成功地生长在载体表面。SEM电镜表明,经过二次合成后的载体表面被高度孪生的分子筛晶体所覆盖。分子筛膜在不同渗透温度条件的分离性能用CO2/N2混合物进行评价。此外,考察了不同浓度的异丙醇水溶液在分子筛膜上的渗透汽化脱水性能。合成的Y型分子筛膜展现出较好的脱水性能和渗透通量.     

包头稀土选矿技术进展

论述了包头白云鄂博矿稀土选矿技术发展的历程,阐述了该矿稀土选矿的现状及技术指标,分析了各发展阶段浮选药剂的特性及工艺流程的特点。     

The potential of pervaporation for biofuel recovery from fermentation:An energy consumption point of view

Recovering alcohols from dilute fermentation broth is an emergent task in bio-fuel production process. Since they are primary planned for fuels, energy required to separate these alcohols should be considered in evaluating the potential of a separation technology. A membrane-based process, pervaporation, is of special interest because of its environmental friendliness and easy integrating character. This review probes into the fundamentals of pervaporation especially in terms of the heat required for evaporation. Meanwhile, the separation data of the most representative alcohol-selective pervaporation membranes reported in the literatures are collected and compared with the vapor–liquid equilibrium curve, which represents the distillation selectivity. They include:inorganic membranes, silicon rubber based membranes, Mixed Matrix Membranes and some other special materials. By doing so, the status of alcohol recovery via pervaporation would be more clear for researchers.For ethanol recovery, it is selectivity rather than flux that is in urgent need of solution. While for butanol recovery,membranes with satisfactory selectivity have been developed, increasing the separation capacity would be more pressing.     

A review of the current state of biofuels production from lignocellulosic biomass using thermochemical conversion routes

The rapid increase in energy demand, the extensive use of fossil fuels and the urgent need to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions have raised concerns in the transportation sector. Alternate renewable and sustainable sources have become the ultimate solution to overcome the expected depletion of fossil fuels.The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to liquid(BtL) transportation fuels seems to be a promising path and presents advantages over first generation biofuels and fossil fuels. Therefore, development of BtL systems is critical to increase the potential of this resource in a sustainable and economic way.Conversion of lignocellulosic BtL transportation fuels, such as, gasoline, diesel and jet fuel can be accomplished through various thermochemical processes and processing routes. The major steps for the production of BtL fuels involve feedstock selection, physical pretreatment, production of bio-oil, upgrading of bio-oil to transportation fuels and recovery of value-added products. The present work is aiming to give a comprehensive review of the current process technologies following these major steps and the current scenarios of biomass to liquid facilities for the production of biofuels.     

Hybridization of metal–organic framework and monodisperse spherical silica for chromatographic separation of xylene isomers

Metal–organic frameworks(MOFs) packed in the column have been a promising candidate as the stationary phase for high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). However, the direct packing of irregular MOF powder could raise some problems like high back pressure and low column efficiency in the HPLC separation. In this work, UiO-66 capable of separating xylenes was supported effectively on the surface of the monodisperse spherical silica microspheres by one-pot method. The hybridization of Ui O-66 and silica microspheres(termed UiO-66@SiO_2 shell–core composite) was prepared by stirring the suspension of the precursors of Ui O-66 and\\COOH terminated silica in the N,N-dimethylformamide with heating. The shell–core composite material UiO66@SiO_2 was characterized by SEM, TEM, PXRD and FTIR. Then, it was used as a packing material for the chromatographic separation of xylene isomers. Xylene isomers including o-xylene, m-xylene and p-xylene were efficiently separated on the column with high resolution and good reproducibility. Moreover, the Ui O-66@SiO_2 shell–core composites packed column still remained reverse shape selectivity as Ui O-66 possessed, and the retention of xylenes was probably ascribed to the hydrophobic effect between analytes and the aromatic rings of the Ui O-66 shell. The Ui O-66@SiO_2 shell–core composites obtained in this study have some potential for the separation of structural isomers in HPLC.     

菜籽蛋白水解物的分离纯化及抗肿瘤活性研究

本研究将菜籽蛋白通过碱性蛋白酶-风味蛋白酶分步酶解制备得到菜籽蛋白水解物(RPH),在经过超滤、葡聚糖凝胶柱(Sephadex G-15)以及半制备液相(RP-HPLC)分离纯化得到各级分离组分。采用MTT比色法分析菜籽蛋白水解物各组分RPHs(MW1 ku)对人体肝癌细胞HepG2、乳腺癌细胞MBA-MD-231及人体结肠癌细胞Caco-2的体外抗增殖活性。当RPHs质量浓度为50～1 000μg/mL时,RPHs对HepG2细胞、MBA-MD-231细胞及Caco-2细胞均有一定的抑制作用,且抑制效果与样品浓度之间呈现出剂量依赖性;其中,HepG2细胞对RPHs的作用最为敏感。经Sephadex G-15凝胶柱分离后得到2个洗脱峰,收集并测定其活性,发现组分RPHs-F2具有更强的抗肿瘤细胞增殖活性;再进一步对其经半制备液相分离得到的组分进行体外抗增殖活性分析发现,除组分RPHs-F2-4外,其他3个分离组分都具有显著的抑制作用,而组分RPHs-F2-3对HepG2细胞具有最高的体外增殖抑制率,当作用质量浓度为1 000μg/mL时,抑制率为(51.53±5.59)%。因此认为菜籽蛋白酶解物分离组分RPHs-F2-3具有较好的抗肿瘤活性,可以作为功能性成分用于抗肿瘤相关的功能食品及保健品的开发。