锌空气电池准中性电解液的研究

研究了锌空气电池中性、准中性电解液的主要成分,采用线性扫描伏安法考察了NH4Cl、ZnCl2、KCl及它们的混合溶液对锌电极电化学性能的影响,并组装电池恒流放电测试。结果表明,对于低电流密度放电要求的准中性锌空气电池采用NH4Cl作为主体电解质的锌电极性能相对较好;在NH4Cl溶液中添加KCl,有利于改善溶液导电性,提高放电电压和延长放电时间。最佳溶液配比为4 mol/L NH4Cl＋2 mol/L KCl。     

Nanostructured high‐energy xLi2MnO3·(1‐x)LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) cathode materials

Nanostructured lithium‐manganese‐rich nickel‐manganese‐oxide xLi₂MnO₃·(1‐x)LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.6) composite materials were synthesized via spray pyrolysis using mixed nitrate precursors. All the materials showed a composite structure consisting of Li₂MnO₃ (C2/m) and LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ components, and the amount of Li₂MnO₃‐phase appeared to increase with x, as observed from XRD analysis. These composite materials showed a high‐discharge capacity of about 250 mAhg^?1. In the range of x considered, the layered 0.5Li₂MnO₃·0.5LiNi_0.5Mn_0.5O₂ materials displayed the highest capacity and superior cycle stability. Nonetheless, voltage suppression from a layered‐spinel phase transition was observed for all the composites produced. This voltage suppression was dependent of the amount of Li₂MnO₃ phase present in the composite structure. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J 60: 443–450, 2014     

培养应用型油气储运人才的信息化教学探索

结合北部湾地区对油气储运人才的需求,以培养服务地方的应用型油气储运人才为目标,对培养油气储运人才的基础化学教学过程进行了改革。通过将信息化教法和信息化学法引入课堂教学,不仅可以更加高效的对知识体系进行优化整合,而且教学过程更加生动有趣,有利于提高学生自主学习的积极性,提高教学效率。本文以原电池知识的信息化教学为例,探索研究了信息化教法和信息化学法在培养应用型油气储运人才中的应用,将对其他专业应用型人才的培养也具有指导意义。     

锂电池在轨道交通车辆上的使用研究

比较轨道交通车辆上电池的使用情况,分析锂电池的性能及在车辆上的优势,锂电池可以在轨道车辆上广泛使用。     

锂离子电池正极材料LiFePO_4合成方法的最新研究

拥有着橄榄石结构的锂离子电池正极材料磷酸铁锂具有安全性能好、价格低廉、工作电压稳定、环境污染小、比容量高、循环寿命长等优点,是极具开发和应用潜力的新一代锂离子电池正极材料。综述了几种常见的LiFePO4合成方法及其特点,主要包括固相法、碳热还原法、液相沉淀法、微波法、水热法、溶胶凝胶法、喷雾热解法等,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

动力电池正极材料LiFePO_4的产业化应用展望

磷酸铁锂正极材料兼具安全性好、容量高且对环境友好等优点,成为目前最具潜力的动力电池正极材料之一。但其较低的电子导电率及离子电导率等缺点也十分明显。主要从磷酸铁锂正极材料本身的性能,包括倍率性能、能量密度、循环寿命和高低温性能方面分析了其实际应用于动力电池的潜力,以及结合国内外锂离子电池正极材料供应商情况简述了目前国内外磷酸铁锂产业化现状和趋势。     

Optimum configuration and design of a photovoltaic–diesel–battery hybrid energy system for a facility in University of Port Harcourt,Nigeria

Optimum configuration, using a hybrid optimisation model for electric renewable software, and design of a photovoltaic (PV)–diesel–battery hybrid energy system has been proposed to power a facility in the University of Port Harcourt, which is located in the suburb of Port Harcourt city, Nigeria. The configuration of the optimum hybrid system is selected based on top-ranked system configuration, according to the net present cost. An optimal system design delivers the best components alongside appropriate operating strategies to provide the most efficient, reliable cost-effective system possible. The system investigated reduces CO₂ emissions by 36.3%/year. This will reduce costs imposed on CO₂ emissions by future environmental legislation. The system has a better potential for providing the energy needs of the facility considered in this paper compared with a stand-alone PV–battery system as capital costs are reduced by 55%. Reliability was improved as the diesel generator can provide power as and when it is needed.     

Battery industry wastewater: Pb removal and produced sludge

The process of neutralization with NaOH, in the presence of Fe(III) salt, of sulphuric acid battery industry wastewater seems to be more suitable than any other process for Pb removal because at the same time, it allows the exploitation of the scavenger action of Fe(III), which is often present in the same wastewater and precipitates as hydroxides. In order to optimize sludge production, a laboratory research study has been carried out to minimize the quantity of Fe(III) to be added. All aspects concerning the chemistry of wastewater have been taken into consideration step by step and discussed. As a result, a process which requires the addition of Fe(III) so that an Fe/Pb ratio, both expressed as ppm, of the order of 0.5 is achieved. The process has been applied to two artificial solutions, characterized by a content of H₂SO₄ of 1000 and 5000 ppm, respectively, and by 10 ppm of Pb, as well as to five samples of wastewater. The proposed process takes about 1 h to perform: 30 min for neutralization up to pH 8.5–9.5 and Fe(III) addition and 30 min for correction in the 9–9.5 pH range and for flocculation with the help of a polyelectrolyte. The Pb concentration of the treated effluent is below 0.2 ppm. Conditions for Pb removal using only NaOH or Na₂CO₃ have also been considered.     

太阳电池应用和研究的发展

本文从光伏电池在国外的应用发展趋势、光伏电池研究发展方向、我国光伏产业的发展情况及存在的不足等方面进行论述,指出加快发展我国光伏产业需要有国家可再生能源政策的支持。     

Development and Electrochemical Testing of Novel Bipolar Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries

With the enhancement of consciousness of envi-ronmental protection and the increasing exhaustion ofoil resources,study on electric vehicles(EV)or hy-brid electric vehicles(HEV)are being actively con-ductedin the countries worldwide[1-3].Ni/MHbat-tery is p…