C307型中低压甲醇合成催化剂的工业应用

简述了德士古水煤浆气化工艺流程及设备,介绍了C307型甲醇合成催化剂的物化性能及装填情况,主要介绍了该催化剂在兖矿鲁南化肥厂的前期使用情况,并对使用结果进行了评价,C307甲醇合成催化剂低温活性好、选择性好、低还原收缩率、副产物少,经济效益显著。     

全球甲醇工业生产现状与发展趋势

综述甲醇工业技术现状,分析目前国内外甲醇工业的生产发展情况,未来3～5a国内甲醇装置将供过于求,建议控制国内甲醇装置建设过热的势头,提出加快甲醇下游生物产品的开发步伐.     

Heterogeneously assisted oxidation of adsorbates from carbonmonoxide, methanol and ethanol by hydrogen peroxide solutions on platinum electrodes in sulphuric acid

The influence of hydrogen peroxide on the adsorption and oxidation of carbon monoxide, methanol and ethanol adlayers on porous Pt electrodes were studied in 2 M sulphuric acid solution by means of cyclic voltammetry and differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). The oxidation of adsorbed species is observed at electrode potentials far less negative than those required for electrochemical adsorbate oxidation. The oxidation by H₂O₂ is dependent on its concentration in solution, as well as on the adsorbates and their coverages. In all cases the isolated adlayers are oxidised by dissolved H₂O₂. However, the presence of H₂O₂ during adsorption partially inhibits adlayer formation from CH₃OH and C₂H₅OH, but avoids almost completely the adsorption of carbon monoxide. The removal of the residues from the surface by dissolved hydrogen peroxide probably occurs through O_ad species formed during the heterogeneous decomposition reaction of H₂O₂ on Pt.     

Electrooxidation of methanol at platinum–ruthenium catalysts prepared from colloidal precursors: Atomic composition and temperature effects

The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol was investigated on PtRu electrodes of different atomic compositions at several temperatures (from 25 to 110 °C). Very active catalyst nanoparticles supported on active carbon (Vulcan XC 72) were obtained using the colloidal synthesis developed by Bönnemann et al. [11], allowing easy variation of the atomic composition. These electrocatalysts were characterized by TEM, EDX and XRD; results indicate that they consist of platinum nanoparticles decorated by ruthenium. Methanol oxidation was studied as a function of composition, temperature and methanol concentration. Two effects were investigated: the effect of the working temperature and the effect of the atomic composition. It appeared that for lower methanol electrooxidation overvoltages, the best catalysts are ruthenium-rich, whereas at higher overvoltages the best one is the Pt + Ru (80:20)/C composition, irrespective of the working temperature, either in half-cell or in a single DMFC.     

An EXAFS study of Cu/ZnO and Cu/ZnO-Al2O3 methanol synthesis catalysts

Cu K-absorption edge and EXAFS measurements on binary Cu/ZnO and ternary Cu/ ZnO-Al₂O₃ catalysts of varying compositions on reduction with hydrogen at 523 K, show the presence of Cu microclusters and a species of Cu¹⁺ dissolved in ZnO apart from metallic Cu and Cu₂O. The proportions of different phases critically depend on the heating rate especially for catalysts of higher Cu content. Accordingly, hydrogen reduction with a heating rate of 10 K/min predominantly yields the metal species (>50%), while a slower heating rate of 0.8 K/min enhances the proportion of the Cu¹⁺ species ( 60%). Reduced Cu/ZnO-Al₂O₃ catalysts show the presence of metallic Cu (upto 20%) mostly in the form of microclusters and Cu¹⁺ in ZnO as the major phase ( 60%). The addition of alumina to the Cu/ZnO catalyst seems to favour the formation of Cu¹⁺/ZnO species.     

A highly stable and efficient catalyst for direct synthesis of LPG from syngas

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) fuel was directly synthesized from syngas over a hybrid catalyst which contained a methanol synthesis catalyst and zeolite. The new hybrid catalyst composed of (Pd–Ca/SiO₂) and β-zeolite, showed a high activity and selectivity for LPG production. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization of the catalyst was used to analyze the deactivation of (Pd–Ca/SiO₂)/β-zeolite.     

甲醇市场分析及发展甲醇工业应注意的问题

分析和预测了国内外甲醇消费用户目前和今后几年的需求情况,从新建装置的布局、产品深加工、生产成本和市场价格等方面提出了发展甲醇工业应注意的问题。     

浅论燃料甲醇的前景

我国今后的能源结构中,煤化工将扮演越来越重要的角色。引用大量数据说明燃料甲醇是一种新型车用燃料,燃料甲醇可充分利用国内的现有单醇、联醇装置生产能力。燃料甲醇的应用市场开发具有现实意义,并提出一些建议。     

On the nature of the active state of silver during catalytic oxidation of methanol

Under the applied high reaction temperatures (900 K) the Ag surface is restructured and a tightly held oxygen species is formed on the surface (O) apart from O atoms dissolved in the bulk (O). Methanol oxidation to formaldehyde proceeds through this O species as demonstrated by application of a variety of spectroscopic techniques.     

二氧化碳催化加氢研究进展

介绍了近年来由 CO2 催化加氢制取甲醇、烃类、醛类、甲酸和二甲醚等反应的研究进展