激光片光三维传感中提高深度分辨率的方法

提出了两种在激光片光三维传感中降低散斑噪声、提高深度分辨率的方法。第1种方法采用宏观上相同、微观上受物体微结构面元影响的多帧散斑图像叠加,用于三维测量系统的标定。第2种方法利用动态采集方式,使CCD对微结构元进行时间积分,可有效地降低散斑噪声的影响。实验证明,综合利用这两种方式,深度分辨率可以得到有效的提高。     

基于相关全息原理的散射成像技术及其进展

由于随机散射效应,相干光束经过强散射介质后,出射光场变成光强呈无序分布的散斑场,因此无法直接从出射场获取入射光的信息。然而,在随机散射过程中,出射散斑场仍然携带着入射光场信息。从散斑场中获取原始信息以实现物体的重建是一个备受关注的研究课题。研究人员针对该问题提出了包括散斑相关、传输矩阵、波前调控及时间反演与相位共轭等技术。着重介绍了基于相关全息原理的散射成像技术,主要包括其原理、发展历史以及最新的研究进展,并对该技术的未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

白光散斑和超声C扫描用于复合材料缺陷检测

用白光散斑法和超声Ｃ扫描相结合的方法检测复合材料内部缺陷；并用ＧＴＦ－１８２光学图象数字分析系统对白光散斑法所得经付氏变换的图片进行了处理。给出了这两种方法检测／环氧层析分层缺陷的实例。     

A New Hybrid Model for Segmentation of the Skin Lesion Based on Residual Attention U-Net

Skin segmentation participates significantly in various biomedical applications, such as skin cancer identification and skin lesion detection. This paper presents a novel framework for segmenting the skin. The framework contains two main stages: The first stage is for removing different types of noises from the dermoscopic images, such as hair, speckle, and impulse noise, and the second stage is for segmentation of the dermoscopic images using an attention residual U-shaped Network (U-Net). The framework uses variational Autoencoders (VAEs) for removing the hair noises, the Generative Adversarial Denoising Network (DGAN-Net), the Denoising U-shaped U-Net (D-U-NET), and Batch Renormalization U-Net (Br-U-NET) for removing the speckle noise, and the Laplacian Vector Median Filter (MLVMF) for removing the impulse noise. In the second main stage, the residual attention u-net was used for segmentation. The framework achieves (35.11, 31.26, 27.01, and 26.16), (36.34, 33.23, 31.32, and 28.65), and (36.33, 32.21, 28.54, and 27.11) for removing hair, speckle, and impulse noise, respectively, based on Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) at the level of (0.1, 0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) of noise. The framework also achieves an accuracy of nearly 94.26 in the dice score in the process of segmentation before removing noise and 95.22 after removing different types of noise. The experiments have shown the efficiency of the used model in removing noise according to the structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and PSNR and in the segmentation process as well.     

预制键槽UHPC-混凝土界面黏结性能研究

UHPC永久性模板与普通混凝土的界面黏结性能是两者协同作用的关键,研究不同键槽类型、混凝土强度和养护条件等因素对UHPC-混凝土界面黏结性能的影响。结果表明:键槽可以提高UHPC-NC界面黏结强度,其中B型键槽机械联锁作用贡献最大。劈裂拉伸试件界面中心轴线的应变大于两侧应变,界面裂缝从水平拉应变开始向压应变区域扩张。复合试件键槽的存在使得裂缝在混凝土内部由一端延伸至另一端,并非两端向内发展。随着后浇混凝土抗压强度的提高,界面劈裂抗拉强度增幅降低。蒸汽养护导致初始收缩变形较大,应力集中区域比标准养护试件更大。复合试件界面劈裂抗拉强度可以通过混凝土立方体抗压强度和拟合参数c计算得出。提出了最优永久性模板键槽参数和养护条件。     

Performance evaluation of 67 denoising filters in ultrasound images: A systematic comparison analysis

Noise corrupts ultrasound images and degrades spatial and contrast resolutions. Hence, it is challenging to characterize the lesions precisely using ultrasound images. The present study aims to evaluate 67 denoising filters and select the best one for ultrasound image denoising. Seven test images were synthesized to evaluate the performance of filters at three different noise levels. Eleven full-reference quantitative image quality metrics (IQMs) were employed to evaluate the performance of the filters. A new filter evaluation method, Rank Analysis, was introduced and utilized at each noise level. The ten best filters with the smallest mean rank in all noise levels were defined for further analysis on real ultrasound images. The Rank Analysis was also employed for real ultrasound images, and filters were evaluated based on 14 IQMs (11 full-reference and three no-reference). Finally, the best filter was defined using the repeated measures analysis statistical test. According to the Rank Analysis results, the Spatial correlation (SCorr) filter obtained the best results with the mean rank scores±SD of 1 ± 0, which was significantly better than the other nine filters (p < 0.001). The second-best results were achieved by three filters, Bitonic, most homogeneous neighborhood, and Lee diffusion (p < 0.05). We concluded that SCorr is the best filter for ultrasound image denoising. It can be used in the pre-processing step before segmentation and diagnostic procedures. In addition, a new filter evaluation method, Rank Analysis, was introduced in this study, which is easy to use, fast, and provides reliable results. So, it can be used to evaluate newly developed filters in the future studies.