Effect of deposition time on microstructures and growth behavior of ZrC coatings prepared by low pressure chemical vapor deposition with the Br<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Zr-C<Subscript>3</Subscript>H<Subscript>6</Subscript>-H<Subscript>2</Subscript>-Ar System

ZrC coatings were deposited on graphite substrates by low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) with the Br₂-Zr-C₃H₆-H₂-Ar system. The effects of deposition time on the microstructures and growth behavior of ZrC coatings were investigated. ZrC coating grew in an island-layer mode. The formation of coating was dominated by the nucleation of ZrC in the initial 20 minutes, and the rapid nucleation generated a fine-grained structure of ZrC coating. When the deposition time was over 30 min, the growth of coating was dominated by that of crystals, giving a column-arranged structure. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the molar ratio of carbon to zirconium was near 1:1 in ZrC coating, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that ZrC was the main phase in coatings, accompanied by about 2.5mol% ZrO₂ minor phase.     

冲角对车轮与道岔尖轨弹塑性接触的影响

在机车运行中轮轨间存在冲角,改变轮轨接触关系.针对冲角对车轮与尖轨接触的影响问题,建立了车轮—尖轨接触三维有限元模型,通过弹塑性接触计算,分析不同冲角工况下的接触情况.结果表明:轮轨间冲角的存在,导致车轮与钢轨接触位置发生改变,基本轨和尖轨接触斑中心不在同一钢轨横断面上,冲角越大,超前或滞后的数值越大;车轮与尖轨接触法向力随冲角的增大而增大;不同冲角工况下车轮与尖轨的接触等效应力变化规律基本一致,最大等效应力均出现在2 m位置处;冲角的增大会造成尖轨前端等效应力增大,导致车轮轮缘与尖轨的磨耗增加,降低车轮和尖轨的使用寿命.     

地面高精度磁测在新疆青河县贝勒克勒铁矿的应用

通过对新疆青河县贝勒克勒铁矿高精度磁法勘探资料的分析和研究,工作区可划分为西部、北部高磁异常区、中西部负值异常区、中部面积正负磁场平缓变化区、东部跳跃变化正值磁异常区,结合工作区岩矿石标本磁性参数可判别各类磁场类型形成的地质原因。划分局部磁异常6个,其中M1、M2、M3磁异常与地下隐伏含磁铁矿石英岩有关,M4、M5、M6磁异常与含铁石英岩有关。对局部典型异常M1、M4进行了半定量解释,并进行了钻探验证,实际验证结果与推断结果较为吻合。     

基于地震波形聚类储集砂体边界识别与预测

板桥斜坡BS37区块沙一下段储集砂体具有单层厚度薄、横向变化快的特点,传统的单属性地震储层预测精度低,识别难度大。通过典型井的测井响应与地震响应相结合,应用地震波形聚类技术能准确预测砂体分布。研究认为,BS37区块含油气砂体地震反射特征可划分为丘状反射型、平直反射型、下切反射型等类型。针对含油气砂岩反射特征精确标定井震关系,提取样本子波,应用约束条件下神经网络算法对研究区目的层地震波形进行相似性迭代聚类分析,有效地识别出主河道、河道侧翼等不同叠合模式砂体边界,为钻探部署提供了决策依据。     

大学生使用移动新闻客户端的现状及影响因素研究——以暨南大学为例

网络间接影响了大学生对新闻的态度和接触,影响了大学生的成长。文章主要探究在网络时代下,大学生对移动互联网的新闻接触与使用情况。本研究采用深度访谈法进行,综合、全面地对比分析了高校大学生采纳移动新闻客户端的关键影响因素及使用现状。访谈围绕"使用动机—如何使用—使用的评价"这一使用与满足的基本模式展开测量。研究发现,新闻客户端是大学生获取新闻资讯的重要平台之一,从大学生对移动新闻阅读的习惯来看,用户对新闻产品的阅读呈现出快餐式的阅读趋势,在使用形态上,大学生主要呈现出的是认知学习型,对新闻的要求比较高。本研究是对传统传播学中"使用与满足理论"等相关理论的再检验。     

Overall efficiency optimization of controllable mechanical turbo-compounding system for heavy duty diesel engines

A controllable mechanical turbo-compounding (CMTC) system including continuously variable transmission (CVT) and power turbine bypass valve is proposed to recover waste heat from engine exhaust. The combined matching principle considering swallowing capacity of both charging turbine and power turbine, main gear ratio is investigated at first based on the analysis of individual influence. Then the effects and strategies of CVT and power turbine bypass valve are studied for better performance under off-design conditions. At last, the transient response of intake pressure of engine with CMTC system is researched and the fuel saving potential is tested under driving cycle conditions. The results indicate that the overall fuel efficiency elevates at the off-design conditions if CVT is adopted due to the improvement of power turbine operating efficiency by speed modulation. The diversion of exhaust through power turbine bypass valve under the low load condition is necessary. The back pressure of the charging turbine infuences the transient response of intake pressure for a fixed CMTC configuration. A method featured by the assistance of power turbine bypass valve is tested to improve the transient response of the intake pressure. The fuel consumption reduces by 2% and 3.4% under highway fuel economy test (HWFET) and Tianjin 503 (TJ503) driving cycles respectively.     

Effects of annealing processes on Cu<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Si<Subscript>1-<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> thin films

The Cu _x Si_1-x thin films have been grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with in situ annealing on Si (001) and Si (111), respectively. The transformation of phase was detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the as-deposited films were composed of Cu on both Si (001) and Si (111). The annealed thin films consisted of Cu + η”-Cu₃Si on Si (001) while Cu + η’-Cu₃Si on Si (111), respectively, at annealed temperature (T _a) = 300-600 °C. With the further increasing of T _a, at T _a= 700 °C, there was only one main phase, η”-Cu₃Si on Si (001) while η’-Cu₃Si on Si (111), respectively. The annealed thin films transformed from continuous dense structure to scattered-grain morphology with increasing T _a detected by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). It was also showed that the grain size would enlarge with increasing annealing time (t _a).     

Use of different barium salts to inhibit the thaumasite form of sulfate attack in cement-based materials

We investigated the effects of different barium compounds on the thaumasite form of sulphate attack(TSA)resistance of cement-based materials when they were used as admixtures in mortars.Moreover,we analyzed the inhibition mechanisms within different types of barium salts,namely BaCO_3 and Ba(OH)_2,on the thaumasite formation.The controlcement mortar and mortars with barium salts to cement and limestone weight ratios of 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5% were immersed in 5%(by weight)MgSO_4 solution at 5 ℃ to mimic TSA.Appearance,mass,and compressive strength of the mortar samples were monitored and measured to assess the generaldegradation extent of these samples.The products of sulphate attack were further analyzed by XRD,FTIR,and SEM,respectively.Experimentalresults show that different degradation extent is evident in allmortars cured in MgSO_4 solution.However,barium salts can greatly inhibit such degradation.Barium in hydroxide form has better effectiveness in protection against TSA than carbonate form,which may be due to their solubility difference in alkaline cement pore solution,and the presence of these barium compounds can reduce the degree of TSA by comparison with the almost completely decomposed controlsamples.     

Influence of deposition pressure on properties of ZnO: Al films fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering

Transparent conductive aluminum doped zinc oxide(ZnO:Al,AZO) films were prepared on glass substrates by rf(radio frequency) magnetron sputtering from ZnO: 3wt% Al_2O_3 ceramic target. The effect of argon gas pressure(PAr) was investigated with small variations to understand the influence on the electrical, optical and structural properties of the films. Structural examinations using X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) showed that the ZnO:Al thin films were(002) oriented. The resistivity values were measured by four-point probe with the lowest resistivity of 5.76×10~(-4) Ω?cm(sheet resistance=9.6 Ω/sq. for a thickness=600 nm) obtained at the PAr of 0.3 Pa. The transmittance was achieved from ultravioletvisible(UV-VIS) spectrophotometer, 84% higher than that in the visible region for all AZO thin films. The properties of deposited thin films showed a significant dependence on the PAr.     

我国铝业生产的环境负荷动态分析

本文对我国铝业生产的环境库兹涅茨曲线进行研究,分析其是否符合环境污染程度随着经济发展呈现先上升、后下降的倒U形状,并解释其原因.通过对我国铝业生产环境负荷的动态分析,探索我国铝业生产在发展与环保并重的要求下存在的不足及未来的努力方向.