从典型案例出发,但科学研究不止于案例——徽州传统民居聚落和新徽派建筑科研典型案例的思考

从传统民居聚落和新徽派建筑的几个典型案例包括黄山市徽州区西溪南历史文化名村、黄山市区外边溪新徽州聚落和北京海淀区“坦博艺苑”,总结出课题研究所必须要做的几个工作：1.概念的界定;2.研究领域的界定;3.任何科研不可能毕其功于一役,如果在课题研究成果中可以提出在广度和深度上延伸的其他课题,也是很有价值的.     

三峡水库2003年蓄水以来库区干流泥沙淤积初步分析

基于三峡水库2003年蓄水至2010年间的实测资料,对库区干流的泥沙淤积量、淤积分布及断面淤积方式进行了详细分析.结果表明,三峡水库干流河道泥沙淤积主要发生在常年库区内,平面上呈不连续分布,其断面淤积形态主要有三种.三峡库区干流泥沙淤积分布与河道的平面形态以及断面的平均水深和平均流速等参数关系密切,本文统计分析得出了发生泥沙淤积时断面平均流速与水深间的经验关系.     

基于水联网及智慧水利提高水资源效能

针对水资源供需系统的“动态性、关联性、预期性、不确定性”,以信息技术当前快速发展和应用的物联网理论与技术为基础,提出了水联网及智慧水利概念：其总体架构是集物理水网、虚拟水网和市场水网一体的现代化水资源系统;其核心特征是实时感知、水信互联、过程跟踪、智能处理;其关键技术是基于云技术的监测、计算和服务,基于多水源高效能的智慧调度,基于多通道优拓扑的精准投递;其核心目标准确预报、精准配送和高效管理,全面提高水资源效能,促进我国水资源高效利用水平的跨越式提升。     

基于后果逆向扩散法的黄河堤防生态安全 评价指标体系研究

针对黄河堤防的生态安全评价,提出了基于后果逆向扩散法进行堤防生态安全影响因子的识别;即：根据黄河堤防生态安全的主要问题,逆向思维,反向扩散,寻根溯源,寻找问题产生的主要因素,并从主要因素扩散到具体的影响因子。然后对识别出的生态安全影响因子进行了归类和提取,分析了影响因子的内容,并构建黄河堤防生态安全评价可选指标集和指标体系,为下一步开展黄河堤防生态工程的安全评价奠定了坚实的基础。     

历史维度下的河西走廊水利问题研究

社会建设和生态文明建设中,历史维度是不可或缺的一环,流域管理亦然。通过对河西走廊近代水资源开发利用历史的回顾,分析了甘肃省河西走廊地区石羊河、疏勒河及讨赖河流域的水资源开发利用、社会经济发展和流域管理的演变,重点探讨了河西走廊地区历史上形成的"以时分水"的时间水权制度的运行情况、人类活动影响下流域水循环特征变化导致时间水权制度失效的机理,以及讨赖河流域传统分水模式与现代水利制度衔接的现实需求与可能方式。研究认为,在历史维度下进行流域管理问题研究,对于深入认识河西走廊水环境演化规律、深刻理解水资源开发利用管理问题的现实内涵、科学制定传统水资源管理与现实发展要求衔接的可行方案具有重要意义。     

Assessment of impact of water diversion projects on ecological water uses in arid region

In arid regions, large-scale water diversion from rivers leads to significant changes in river flow regimes, which may have large impacts on ecological water uses of river-dependent ecosystems, such as river, lake, wetland, and riparian ecosystems. To assess the integrated impact of water diversion on ecological water uses, we proposed a hierarchy evaluation model composed of four layers representing the evaluation goal, sub-areas of the influenced region, evaluation criteria, and water diversion schemes, respectively. The evaluation criteria for different types of ecological water uses were proposed, and the analytical hierarchy process was used for the integrated assessment. For a river ecosystem, the percentage of mean annual flow was used to define the grade of environmental flow. For a lake ecosystem, water recharge to the lake to compensate the lake water losses was used to assess the ecological water use of a lake. The flooding level of the wetland and the groundwater level in the riparian plain were used to assess the wetland and riparian ecological water uses, respectively. The proposed model was applied to a basin in northern Xinjiang in northwest China, where both water diversion and inter-basin water transfer projects were planned to be carried out. Based on assessment results for the whole study area and two sub-areas, an appropriate scheme was recommended from four planning schemes. With the recommended scheme, ecological water uses of the influenced ecosystems can be maintained at an acceptable level. Meanwhile, economical water requirements can be met to a great extent.     

Modeling and analysis of effects of precipitation and vegetation coverage on runoff and sediment yield in Jinsha River Basin

This paper focuses on the effects of precipitation and vegetation coverage on runoff and sediment yield in the Jinsha River Basin. Results of regression analysis were taken as input variables to investigate the applicability of the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to simulating annual runoff and sediment yield. Correlation analysis indicates that runoff and sediment yield are positively correlated with the precipitation indices, while negatively correlated with the vegetation indices. Furthermore, the results of stepwise regression show that annual precipitation is the most important factor influencing the variation of runoff, followed by forest coverage, and their contributions to the variation of runoff are 69.8% and 17.3%, respectively. For sediment yield, rainfall erosivity is the most important factor, followed by forest coverage, and their contributions to the variation of sediment yield are 49.3% and 24.2%, respectively. The ANFIS model is of high precision in runoff forecasting, with a relative error of less than 5%, but of poor precision in sediment yield forecasting, indicating that precipitation and vegetation coverage can explain only part of the variation of sediment yield, and that other impact factors, such as human activities, should be sufficiently considered as well.     

预应力FRP筋混凝土梁在低周反复荷载下的恢复力模型

作为一种新型建筑材料,FRP具有轻质、高强、耐腐蚀等优点,非常适合作为预应力筋材料.通过4根预应力FRP筋混凝土梁在低周反复荷载下的试验研究,根据预应力FRP筋混凝土梁在低周反复荷载下滞回曲线的特点,提出了适合于预应力FRP筋混凝土梁的弯矩-曲率恢复力模型,并与试验结果进行了比较,计算模型与试验结果吻合良好。     

组件式流域模拟模型集成技术进展及发展趋势

组件技术与计算机技术相结合能克服传统建模方式难以解决大规模系统模拟集成的缺陷,可有效促进流域模拟模型集成的发展。为此,从模型组件化的可移植性、灵活性、扩展性、与第三方软件集成等方面分析了组件技术在流域模型集成中的重要作用,分析了国内外组件式流域模拟模型集成技术的发展现状,进而提出国内流域模拟模型集成系统存在的问题。最后,从数字流域模型平台化、基于云计算模式的模型集成、模型应用的组件化等方面,探讨了流域模拟模型集成系统的发展趋势。