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1.
目前工业上合成 α-硝基萘仍然采用传统的混酸硝化法,然而该方法存在区域选择性不高、官能团耐受性差、产生过量酸性废液以及后处理费用高等诸多局限性,导致环境污染以及生产成本的提高,不符合绿色化学的理念。鉴于 α-硝基萘的应用前景,本文通过浸渍-焙烧-还原等步骤设计合成一系列负载型铜催化剂,实现了萘向 α-硝基萘的高效、经济、绿色的催化转化。其中,以ZSM-5等为载体合成的催化剂Cu/ZSM-5催化效果最好,以较高的分离产率(高达95%)和优异的区域选择性[(α-∶β-)>(98∶2)]得到了目标产物α-硝基萘,而且在重复使用4次后依然保持较高的催化活性和结构稳定性。  相似文献   
2.
本研究探讨了α-松油醇对指状青霉抑霉唑抗性菌株Pdw03的抑制作用及其抑菌机理。体外实验结果表明α-松油醇抑制Pdw03生长的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(minimal fungicidal concentration,MFC)均为4.00 μL/mL;体内实验研究发现MFC和5 MFC α-松油醇可明显降低接种Pdw03椪柑果实的绿霉病发病率和发病直径;碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)染色实验发现,经1/2 MIC α-松油醇处理后,Pdw03的细胞膜完整性降低,麦角固醇含量显著降低(P<0.05),麦角固醇合成相关基因ERG9表达量显著下调(P<0.05)。综上,α-松油醇通过抑制ERG9基因的表达影响菌株Pdw03的生长,可作为采后柑橘病害防治的有效替代品。  相似文献   
3.
本实验研究了新型、高效α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂1-脱氧野尻霉素-羟基查耳酮杂合体(DC-5)在大鼠体内的吸收与代谢。超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)检测结果表明,DC-5灌胃后大鼠血液中出现了加氢还原、甲基化、磺酸化及葡萄糖醛酸化4 种代谢产物;灌胃后0.5 h,大鼠血液、心、肝、肺、胃、小肠中的DC-5含量达到峰值,而脾和肾中则在灌胃后1 h达到最高值;大鼠血液中DC-5的峰值质量浓度为162.76 ng/mL,半衰期(half-life in the terminal phase,T1/2)为30.66 h,平均驻留时间(mean residence time,MRT)为11.41 h;粪便是DC-5的主要排泄途径,24 h内排泄量为灌胃量的2.26%,显著高于24 h内尿液中的排泄量(0.015 6%);药代动力学分析结果表明,DC-5在大鼠体内的生物利用度为1.47%。  相似文献   
4.
5.
This review examines the application, limitations, and potential alternatives to the Hagberg–Perten falling number (FN) method used in the global wheat industry for detecting the risk of poor end-product quality mainly due to starch degradation by the enzyme α-amylase. By viscometry, the FN test indirectly detects the presence of α-amylase, the primary enzyme that digests starch. Elevated α-amylase results in low FN and damages wheat product quality resulting in cakes that fall, and sticky bread and noodles. Low FN can occur from preharvest sprouting (PHS) and late maturity α-amylase (LMA). Moist or rainy conditions before harvest cause PHS on the mother plant. Continuously cool or fluctuating temperatures during the grain filling stage cause LMA. Due to the expression of additional hydrolytic enzymes, PHS has a stronger negative impact than LMA. Wheat grain with low FN/high α-amylase results in serious losses for farmers, traders, millers, and bakers worldwide. Although blending of low FN grain with sound wheat may be used as a means of moving affected grain through the marketplace, care must be taken to avoid grain lots from falling below contract-specified FN. A large amount of sound wheat can be ruined if mixed with a small amount of sprouted wheat. The FN method is widely employed to detect α-amylase after harvest. However, it has several limitations, including sampling variability, high cost, labor intensiveness, the destructive nature of the test, and an inability to differentiate between LMA and PHS. Faster, cheaper, and more accurate alternatives could improve breeding for resistance to PHS and LMA and could preserve the value of wheat grain by avoiding inadvertent mixing of high- and low-FN grain by enabling testing at more stages of the value stream including at harvest, delivery, transport, storage, and milling. Alternatives to the FN method explored here include the Rapid Visco Analyzer, enzyme assays, immunoassays, near-infrared spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging.  相似文献   
6.
为了实现在工业化生产中对α钛富氧层厚度预测和控制,通过实验研究α钛富氧层在高温空气环境中的形成及增厚过程,讨论热处理温度和时间的影响作用,建立高温(750~850℃)空气环境下关于温度、时间的富氧层增厚动力学模型。结果表明:当恒温热处理温度为750~850℃时,α钛富氧层厚度x与保温时间t0.5呈正比例关系,且升高热处理温度可显著提高富氧层增厚速度。在此温度范围内,氧原子的扩散激活能约为203473 J/mol,计算曲线与实验数据吻合性较好。结合文献中已有的扩散系数方程和实验测得的富氧层厚度数据,推导得到5个富氧层增厚动力学方程,其中3个方程的计算曲线与实验数据吻合性较好,可为实际生产中预估富氧层厚度提供理论支持。  相似文献   
7.
α-Gel, as a specific lamellar liquid crystal structure, presents unique parameters and attracts broad interest. However, conventional formation of α-gel involves surfactants that have a long alkyl chain (more than 14 carbons), resulted in limited application into personal care products due to their low Krafft temperature. In this study, a simple way to generate α-gel was developed using sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, an amino-acid-based surfactant containing an alkyl chain with less than 12 carbons. The desired structure was analyzed and discussed. The method, when extended to other amino acid-based surfactants, gave positive results.  相似文献   
8.
Anti-washout and tissue adhesion properties are essential for the clinical application of injectable bone materials. In this study, we prepared calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with anti-washout and tissue adhesion properties and attempted to build covalent bonds between CPC and the amino groups in bone tissue under a self-regulating pH system in the CPC (acidic to basic). The results of push-out tests demonstrated that a significant enhancement (from 6.42 ± 0.76 N to 61.5 ± 4.09 N) in tissue adhesion was obtained with the addition of 6% (w/w) oxidized sodium alginate (OSA) in CPC. The FTIR, XRD, anti-washout test, XPS, pH test, and SEM results suggested that the synergistic effect of OSA-citric acid (CA) led to the formation of a three-dimensional gel network structure in the CPC, and the Schiff base reaction between aldehyde and amino groups induced adhesion between CPC and the bone tissue. Further, the addition of less OSA had no significant negative effect on the hydration properties of CPC. Our work aims to promote the development of injectable bone material in clinical applications.  相似文献   
9.
Core–rim structures were observed as common features in Y-α-SiAlON ceramics hot-pressed between 1550?1950 °C. We found most dopants were taken into α’-rims, and a transition layer grown first on α-cores from liquid-phase over-saturated with metal solutes. Elongated β’-grain were formed as minor phase with α’- or AlN-cores thus only after the α’ matrix had consumed up all Y solutes, revealing that the α’ → β’ transformation is controlled by the transient liquid-phase and similar defects and dangling bonds could be detected in both SiAlON phases by cathodoluminescence. Quantitative assessment of Ym/3Si12?(m+n)Alm+nOnN16?n demonstrates the multiphase evolution, initiated by over-saturation of Y solutes at low temperatures thus retaining α-phase as cores to lower the infra-red transmittance, dictated by homogenization of Al solutes at higher temperature. The elimination of those phase boundaries leads to better dopant and sintering design for achieving transparent and high-performance SiAlON ceramics.  相似文献   
10.
Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using carbon dioxide (CO2) and liquid CO2 using Soxhlet (CO2-Soxhlet) extraction were employed to extract three (3) antidiabetic compounds viz. stigmasterol, quercetin, and avicularin from Mimosa pudica. Various extraction parameters were studied. Extracts were analyzed pharmacologically, qualitatively and quantitatively to ascertain enrichment levels. All three antidiabetic compounds were effectively enriched under optimized conditions of temperature 60°C, pressure 40 MPa, co-solvent ratio 30%, and CO2 flow rate of 5 ml min?1. SFE was found to be the better method for enrichment of the antidiabetic compounds than the CO2-Soxhlet method. Extraction conditions were seen to affect the enrichment of desired compounds.  相似文献   
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