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1.
雾化重量法是衡量汽车内饰材料挥发物中的有害成分对人体健康的影响程度的测试。因此,为了合理控制挥发性物质的产生,降低车内环境污染,对用于汽车内饰的材料进行雾化测试是十分必要的。通过控制变量研究样品状态、加工工艺、测试温度、测试时间、平衡时间对雾化重量法进行测试,分别测试了内饰材料增强聚丙烯系列的长玻璃纤维增强材料和短玻璃纤维增强材料散发量。得出同种材料测试温度是重量法雾化的主要影响因素,不同加工工艺材料的雾化结果不同,且不具备可比性,测试时间、样品状态和平衡时间对结果也有一定程度的影响,所以对改善材料的散发性和筛选材料时要明确样品和测试条件。  相似文献   
2.
本研究分别利用水冷铜坩埚真空感应熔炼气雾化(VIGA-CC)和等离子旋转电极(PREP)两种技术制备出球形Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末,作者利用SEM、同步辐射CT扫描-三维重建和氩气含量测试等分析手段对不同粒径的Ti-6Al-4V合金粉末的孔洞缺陷和氩气含量、硬度值进行了表征。实验结果表明, VIGA-CC粉末粒度分布宽,细粉收得率较多,粉末粒度分布在40~180 μm之间, PREP粉末的粒度分布较窄,主要集中在110~180 μm之间;金属粉末内部的孔隙率、气体含量和孔尺寸随着粉末粒度的增大而增大,且同一粒径范围内VIGA-CC粉末的气孔概率多于PREP粉末;随着粉末粒径减小,粉末截面组织逐渐细化,其硬度值逐渐升高,整体上VIGA-CC粉末硬度值高于PREP粉末。  相似文献   
3.
《Ceramics International》2019,45(11):14347-14353
To optimize the process and obtain highly conducting and transparent Aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) thin films, AZO films were deposited on glass substrates at room temperature by Radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering with various Argon flow rates. The influences of Argon flow rate on structure, morphology, optical, electrical and photoluminescence properties of AZO films were investigated by varying the Argon flow rate from 36 to 68 sccm. The best quality AZO film with resistivity 1.39 × 10−3 Ω cm, sheet resistance 8.2 Ω/sq and 84.2% average visible transmittance was prepared at 44 sccm for 30 min. Also, the self-heating effect of target was investigated by preparing AZO films for 10 min and 20 min at 44 sccm, 180 W and 1.0 Pa. The influence of increasing structural quality actually affected by Argon flow rate was more prominent on carrier concentration than mobility. The schematic illustration of microstructural evolution was proposed. The average growth rate of around 60 nm/min demonstrated the self-heating effect of target was weak and could be ignored.  相似文献   
4.
The thermodynamic efficiency of internal combustion engines is primarily dependent on the compression ratio and specific heat ratio of the working fluid. Due to a higher specific heat ratio, using a noble gas and oxygen instead of air can increase the thermal efficiency. The lack of nitrogen in the working fluid also eliminates NOx formation. In this study, the three-dimensional turbulent injection of hydrogen into a constant volume combustion chamber has been modeled and compared to mixtures of oxygen with nitrogen, argon, and xenon at different injection velocities. The results indicate that the hydrogen jet has a longer penetration length in nitrogen compared to argon and xenon. However, smaller penetration lengths lead to more complex jet shapes and larger cone angles. Combustion in a noble gas environment results in higher temperatures and OH radical concentrations, due in part to lower specific heats and the jet characteristics. Furthermore, mixedness is investigated using mean spatial variation and mean scalar dissipation. Hydrogen in argon shows a better mixing rate compared to nitrogen and xenon due to the higher diffusivity. The results indicate that reduction in mean spatial variation can lead to a shorter ignition delay.  相似文献   
5.
丁磊  贾景岩 《特殊钢》2021,42(2):52-55
气阀钢NCF3015 Φ280 mm×1700 mm电极(/%:0.03~0.08C,13.5~15.5Cr,30~33.5Ni,1.7~2.1Al,2.4~2.9Ti,0.65~0.80Mo,0.65~0.80Nb,0.002~0.006B)经全同轴式惰性气体保护电渣重熔成Φ340 mm0.80 t电渣锭。在使用三元预熔渣70CaF2-15Al2O3-15CaO以熔速为4 kg/min的全氩气保护条件下,试验了气阀钢NCF3015电渣过程中Al、Ti烧损的烧损量及Si的变化情况和脱S率,并阐述了机理。结果表明,Al相对Ti是主要的烧损元素,Al的平均烧损量为-0.071%,Ti的平均烧损量为-0.035%。从底部至顶部Al,Ti的烧损都逐渐减小,与常规电渣重熔烧损率相比,氩气保护对减小Al,Ti的烧损作用显著。Al、Ti的烧损导致重熔初期Si含量略增。该渣系有一定的脱硫效果,平均脱S率36.7%。  相似文献   
6.
采用VIGA 16真空氩气雾化设备制取MCrAlY粉末,制取的粉末经处理后,用LPPS-TF工艺喷涂制备高性能涂层。结果表明,真空氩气制取的粉末氧、氮、氢含量较低,且以球形为主,具有良好的流动性,杂质碳、氮、氢含量低等特征。原料全部为新料时可制备出氧含量最低达125×10~(-6)的粉末,经过处理后,粉末中的陶瓷夹杂总数在3个/(100g)以下。用LPPS-TF工艺制取的涂层结构致密,氧含量低,涂层与基体结合达到81.3MPa。  相似文献   
7.
Combustion of heavy fuels is one of the main sources of greenhouse gases, particulate emissions, ashes, NOxand SOx. Gasification is an advanced and environmentally friendly process that generates combustible and clean gas products such as hydrogen. Some entrained flow gasifiers operate with Heavy Fuel Oil(HFO) feedstock. In this application, HFO atomization is very important in determining the performance and efficiency of the gasifiers.The atomization characteristics of HFO(Mazut) discharging from a pressure-swirl atomizer(PSA) are studied for different pressures difference(Δp) and temperatures in the atmospheric ambient. The investigated parameters include atomizer mass flow rate( _m), discharge coefficient(CD), spray cone angle(θ), breakup length(Lb), the unstable wavelength of undulations on the liquid sheet(λs), global and local SMD(sauter mean diameter) and size distribution of droplets. The characteristics of Mazut sheet breakup are deduced from the shadowgraph technique. The experiments on Mazut film breakup were compared with the predictions obtained from the liquid film breakup model. Validity of the theory for predicting maximum unstable wavelength was investigated for HFO(as a highly viscous liquid). A modification on the formulation of maximum unstable wavelength was presented for HFO. SMD decreases by getting far from the atomizer. The measurement for SMD and θ were compared with the available correlations. The comparisons of the available correlations with the measurements of SMD andθ show a good agreement for Ballester and Varde correlations, respectively. The results show that the experimental sizing data could be presented by Rosin-Rammler distributions very well at different pressure difference and temperatures.  相似文献   
8.
综述了催化裂化进料喷嘴的作用及特点,详细介绍了喉管类、靶式类、气泡雾化类、旋流式类、三次雾化类、气动雾化和气泡雾化结合类等进料喷嘴的结构特点、雾化机理及雾化效果。进料喷嘴的发展方向是深入了解气液两相流理论和气液初始作用,以及喷雾场存在雾化不均匀性,进一步研究出口形式使雾化粒度合适,压降分配合理。  相似文献   
9.
Pressure-swirl atomizers are often employed to generate a water-mist spray,typically employed in fire suppression.In the present study,an experimental characterization of dispersion(velocity and cone angle)and atomization(drop-size axial evolution)was carried out following a previously developed methodology,with specific reference to the initial region of the spray.Laser-based techniques were used to quantitatively evaluate the considered phenomena:velocity field was reconstructed through a Particle Image Velocimetry analysis;drop-size distribution was measured by a Malvern Spraytec device,highlighting secondary atomization and subsequent coalescence along the spray axis.Moreover,a comprehensive set of relations was validated as predictive of the involved parameters,following an inviscid-fluid approach.The proposed model pertains to early studies on pressure-swirl atomizers and primarily yields to determine both initial velocity and cone angle.The spray thickness is also predicted and a classic correlation for Sauter Mean Diameter is shown to provide good agreement with experimental results.The analysis was carried out at the operative pressure of 80 bar;two injectors were employed featuring different orifice diameters and flow numbers,as a sort of parametric approach to this spray typology.  相似文献   
10.
在现代化的工业加工车间中,特种工业气体气源提供方式使用杜瓦瓶装超低温液化工业气体来替代普通瓶装压缩工业气体是车间布局方案中必须考虑解决的问题,但由于两种气源在使用方式上存在差异,因此需要有针对性地进行管道配置设计和设施配置设计,其核心内容就是根据单位时间内的用气量来配置供气设施及管道,达到气源供气量与设备用气量相匹配要求。  相似文献   
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