CaCuO2颗粒尺寸对双粉法制备Bi系高温超导带材性能的影响

本文通过基于共沉淀工艺的双粉法制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93Ca_2.0Cu_3.06O_8+d (Bi-2223)前驱体粉末。在这一过程中,首先单独制备了Bi_1.76Pb_0.34Sr_1.93CaCu_2.06O_8+d (Bi-2212)和CaCuO₂(实际相组成为Ca₂CuO₃和CuO)粉末,并分别进行了烧结。通过调节共沉淀工艺过程中的pH值,获得了颗粒尺寸不同的CaCuO₂粉末,然后将Bi-2212与其按照相组成相组成为1:1进行混合,并装入Ag包套中,通过一系列的旋锻、拉拔和轧制工艺,获得设计尺寸的Bi-2223带材。比表面积测试表明随着pH值从3.0增加到5.0和6.5,获得CaCuO₂粉末的平均颗粒尺寸从1.1减小到0.75和0.60 mm。通过扫描电镜对不同尺寸CaCuO₂颗粒制备的Bi-2223生带、第一次热处理和后处理之后带材的相组成和分布进行了表征。结果表明,适当尺寸的CaCuO₂颗粒可以避免团聚现象的出现,因此有利于高载流性能带材的获得。最终通过进一步调节带材的尺寸,1#带材的性能最高,达到了12200 Acm^_-2。     

零电阻温度高于127KT1－2223超导体制备

本文采用初始成分为Ｔｌ＿１．８Ｃａ＿２．６Ｂａ＿２．０Ｃｕ＿３．０Ｏ＿ｙ，研究了一步合成和二步合成的短时间高温烧结及真空封闭较低温长时间热处理的Ｔｌ－２２２３制备工艺。用上述２种工艺均合成出单相性（２２２３）好的样品，其超导转变的起始温度Ｔｃ＿（ｏｎｓｅｔ）、零电阻温度Ｔｃｏ以及转变宽度△Ｔｃ分别为：一步合成样品Ｔｃ＿（ｏｎｓｅｔ）＝１３５Ｋ，Ｔｃｏ＝１２７．５Ｋ，△Ｔｃ＝５．０Ｋ，二步合成样品Ｔｃ＿（ｏｎｓｅｔ）＝１４０Ｋ，Ｔｃ。＝１２８．７Ｋ，△Ｔｃ＝７．５Ｋ。从制备工艺方面对提高Ｔｌ－２２２３的Ｔｃ进行了讨论     

高场超导磁体研究进展及其应用

高磁场对科学技术的发展具有极其重要的作用,它孕育着许多重大的科学发现和新技术的产生。超高磁场的产生和应用研究对极端条件科学设施、生物医学工程、国防特种装备、高精度的科学仪器以及农业应用都具有重要的意义。目前世界上许多研究机构和实验室开展了基于高温超导带材绕制高场直流超导磁体的项目。本文以高场超导磁体领域几个主要的研究机构为对象,主要介绍其在全超导高场磁体方面进行的研究工作,包括设计方案、技术特点和最新的研究进展,并对高场超导磁体的主要应用进行简要介绍。     

Ag含量对Sn-20Bi-0.7Cu焊料中金属间化合物形成与生长的影响

研究了Sn-20Bi-0.7Cu-xAg焊料凝固和时效过程中的物相生长动力学。通过实验和数值分析相结合分析了Ag含量和时效条件对界面结构和生长的影响,实验中对Sn-20Bi-0.7Cu分别添加了质量分数0.1%、0.4%、0.7%、1.0%、1.5%的Ag。为验证焊接接头的服役可靠性,在85℃和85%的湿度条件下,将接头放置0、10、30、50、100、200和500 h。采用扫描电镜等设备分析时效过程中界面化合物的形貌、厚度和分布,分析了β-Sn的形核界面和取向。结果表明,焊料中Ag含量的增加可以抑制界面Cu₆Sn₅层的生长,等温时效期间金属间化合物(Cu₆Sn₅+Cu₃Sn)的生长为扩散控制机制。焊接时形成的扇贝状表面在时效时消失,这表明在垂直于界面方向上的生长机制变为稳定性增长,说明Ag₃Sn有效降低了Cu₆Sn₅的生长动力。     

Evolution of precursor powders prepared by oxalate freeze drying towards high performance Bi-2212 wires

Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x (Bi-2212) precursor powders were synthesized by the oxalate freeze drying (OFD) method. In comparison with the traditional method, the novel method could shorten the processing steps and thus improve the fabrication efficiency of precursor powder. The phase, microstructure and superconducting properties of Bi-2212 precursor powders and wires were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and four-probe method, respectively. The thermal behavior, surface area and particle size of powders were also discussed. The results indicated that large surface area and small particle size might improve the reactivity and uniformity of powders. These properties were beneficial for the rapid and homogeneous formation of Bi-2212. High-purity crystallized Bi-2212 powders without Bi-2201 and alkaline-earth cuprates phases could be achieved. Furthermore, multi-filamentary Bi-2212 wires with OFD powders showed good microstructures without noticeable pores and large secondary particles. Therefore, high engineering critical current densities (J_e) of 1619 A/mm² and critical current densities (J_c) of 7039 A/mm² were obtained in Bi-2212 wires at 4.2K, self field. It indicated that the oxalate freeze drying method would be a potential candidate for the mass production of high performance Bi-2212 wires.     

液氮传导冷却型高温超导电流引线研制

80 A和200 A液氮传导冷却型高温超导(HTS)电流引线由铜引线段、中间过渡段和高温超导段组成,HTS热端采用液氮传导冷却,HTS冷端采用液氦传导冷却。铜引线段工作在室温到中间温度(~80 K),高温超导段工作温区6—80 K。介绍该传导冷却型电流引线的结构设计和低温性能测试。实验结果表明,中间过渡段温度~78 K,高温超导热端温度77 K;80 A、200 A电流引线液氦下稳态测试电流分别为100 A和250 A。     

Structural, magnetic and electrical properties of Bi1.4La0.6Sr2CaCu2−xMnxOy compounds

The Mn-doped compounds Bi_1.4La_0.6Sr₂CaCu₂O_y were prepared by sol-gel method. The structural variation was characterized systematically by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared (IR) spectra and Raman scattering spectra, respectively. The electrical and magnetic properties of the compounds were investigated by the temperature dependence of resistivity (R-T) and magnetic hysteresis loop (M (H)) measurements. Results indicate that the subtle change of lattice parameters has taken place in the compounds, which is attributed to CuO₂ planes canting and Mn valence alternation. In the condition of preserving Bi-2212 structure, Bi_1.4La_0.6Sr₂CaCu_2−xMn_xO_y compound has optimal resistivity and magnetism at x = 2%, which could provide a candidate as new barrier in Josephson junction in future.     

EPR studies of (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase substituted by Ruthenium ions

This work studied X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), electrical resistivity and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements for Bi_1.8Pb_0.4Sr₂Ca_2.1Cu_3−xRu_xO_10+δ (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) superconducting samples. XRD analysis and electrical resistivity data showed that the low-content of Ru, x ≤ 0.05, enhanced both the phase formation and the superconducting transition temperature of (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase. A phase change from (Bi, Pb)-2223 phase to (Bi, Pb)-2212 phase was reported for x ≥ 0.15. Two EPR lines were observed for 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.075, indicating the presence of both (Bi, Pb)-2223 and (Bi, Pb)-2212 phases. While, one EPR line was observed for x ≥ 0.15, corresponding to the (Bi, Pb)-2212 phase formation. The number of spins (N) participating in the resonance and its spin paramagnetic susceptibility (χ), for the two phases, were calculated as a function of both Ru-content and temperature. In addition, we reported the variation of activation energy (E_a), Curie constant (C), Curie temperature (θ) and effective magnetic moment (μ) with Ru-content.     

Fabrication of a working Bi-2223 superconducting magnet cooled by liquid nitrogen

A practical Bi-2223 superconducting magnet, working in liquid nitrogen (L.N₂), was designed and fabricated. Bi-2223 tape with a critical current of 147 A was prepared by a controlled overpressure (CT-OP) process at 77.3 K in self-field. Ten double-pancake coils were resistively connected by copper terminals. The bore diameter was 54 mm?, the magnet outer diameter was 122 mm?, the height of the magnet was 124 mm, and the weight of the magnet was about 3 kg. The maximum magnetic field at the center of the bore was 0.48 T with an operating current of 50 A. The experimental results agree well with design predictions calculated by finite element method. AC operation was also performed, and no distortion of the voltage waveform was observed. Therefore, this Bi-2223 superconducting magnet is a suitable replacement for copper magnets designed for applications in science and technology.     

Transition Temperature of Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_(8+x) Superconducting Films Prepared from Commercial Precursors

This paper have made a systematic study of the superconducting Bi-2212 phase transition temperature, which has a transition temperature (Tc) around 80-93 K, and depends on precise control of synthesis conditions, mainly including heat treatment parameters, oxygen partial pressure, and annealing temperature. Partial melting of the sample during preparation helps to raise its Tc. To elucidate the origin of this strong effect, the samples were heated with different melting process. The rapid changes in Tc valu...