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1.
深凹露天矿山由于其特殊的结构,爆破产生的炮烟扩散稀释较为困难,严重危害生产作业人员的生命安全与健康。基于实际矿山构建了深凹露天矿山的二维物理及数学模型,采用非稳态数值分析方法研究了不同爆破位置下,深凹露天矿山采坑内爆破炮烟的扩散规律。研究结果表明:不同爆破位置下,露天采坑内均出现复环流,爆破点位置是影响露天采坑内风流结构特征的重要因素;露天采坑内的炮烟最高浓度均随着时间变化而逐渐下降,但下降的速率逐步减小,呈现三个阶段的下降趋势;爆破位置位于背风侧时露天采坑内的炮烟最高浓度和降至安全浓度所需时间远高于迎风侧三个爆破位置;随着背风侧爆破点距采坑底部距离的减小,炮烟最高浓度及降至安全浓度所需时间先降低后增加,炮烟最高浓度及降至安全浓度所需时间随着迎风侧爆破位置距采坑底部距离的减小而增加。研究结果对于指导深凹露天矿山企业合理组织爆破后的生产作业和保障作业人员安全具有重要意义。  相似文献   
2.
The gas diffusion substrate (GDS) is essential in the proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Its fabrication techniques affect the performance significantly and are worthy of investigation. In this study, a manufacturing process of the GDS is proposed to understand the formation process of GDS and promote its structure and performance more pertinently. Different states during the preparation process, raw carbon paper, pre-curing, curing, carbonation, and graphitization, are characterized and measured. Experimental and numerical methods are employed to determine the relationships between microstructure, transport, and mechanical performance variation with the fabricating processes. The results show that its porosity, average pore size, and effective diffusivity decrease first and increase after curing. These parameters after graphitization are lower than that of the carbon paper (CP). The electrical resistivity increases dramatically while pre-curing and decreases gradually after curing, carbonation, and graphitization, and it is much reduced after graphitization. Moreover, mechanical measurement results show that both the picks of tensile strength and flexural modulus occur after curing. Its tensile strength shows little change after graphitization compared to the initial paper's. In contrast, the flexural modulus is improved significantly.  相似文献   
3.
Gas diffusion layer (GDL) is one of the most important components of fuel cells. In order to improve the fuel cell performance, GDL has developed from single layer to dual layers, and then to multiple layers. However, dual or multi layers in GDL are usually prepared by layer-by-layer methods, which cost too much time, energy, and resources. In this work, we successfully developed a facile one-step method to prepare a GDL with three functional layers by utilizing the different sedimentation rates and filtration rates of short carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT). The treatment temperature for this GDL is much lower than that of traditional method. The thickness of the GDL can be effectively controlled from as thin as 50 μm to more than 200 μm by simply adjusting the content of CF. The GDL with high flexibility is suitable to develop high performance flexible electronics. The fuel cell with the GDL has the maximum power density 1021 mW cm?2, which shows 19% improvement comparing to the conventional one. Therefore, this work breaks the traditional concept that GDL for fuel cells only can be prepared by very complex and high-cost procedure.  相似文献   
4.
We present the Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell thermodiffusion equations, which account for the Soret and Dufour effects in multicomponent fluids. Unlike transport laws derived from kinetic theory, this framework preserves the structure of the isothermal Stefan–Maxwell equations, separating the thermodynamic forces that drive diffusion from the force that drives heat flow. The Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell transport-coefficient matrix is symmetric, and the second law of thermodynamics imbues it with simple spectral characteristics. This new approach allows for heat to be considered as a pseudo-species and proves equivalent to both the intuitive extension of Fick's law and the generalized Stefan–Maxwell equations popularized by Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot. A general inversion process facilitates the unique formulation of flux-explicit transport equations relative to any choice of convective reference velocity. Stefan–Maxwell diffusivities and thermal diffusion factors are tabulated for gaseous mixtures containing helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon. The framework is deployed to perform numerical simulations of steady three-dimensional thermodiffusion in a ternary gas.  相似文献   
5.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(21):31738-31745
In this study, novel polyborosilazane-derived SiBCN(O) ceramic was used as self-healing component in self-healing Cf/SiBCN(O) composite, which was prepared by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process. Molecular-level structure design of boron-containing ceramic precursors was utilized to achieve uniform dispersion of boron-containing self-healing components in prepared composites. No elemental diffusion was observed at the interface of ceramic matrix and carbon fibers, which resulted in stable SiBCN(O) structure. In addition, boron was uniformly distributed in Cf/SiBCN(O) composite ceramic matrix, which was beneficial for self-healing of cracks. Cracks and indentations were able to heal at high temperatures in air. The best crack-healing behavior occurred in air atmosphere at 1000 °C, with nearly complete crack healing. This excellent self-healing behavior was achieved because silicon and boron atoms in SiBCN(O) ceramic reacted with available oxygen at high temperatures to form SiO2(l), B2O3(l), and B2O3·xSiO2 liquid phases, which effectively filled cracks. In general, as-prepared Cf/SiBCN(O) composite exhibited excellent self-healing properties and shows great application potential in high-temperature environment applications such as aviation, aerospace, and nuclear power.  相似文献   
6.
准噶尔盆地东南缘吉木萨尔南部中上二叠统发育的泥页岩厚度大、分布广泛、有机质含量高,含有丰富的油气资源。通过对准噶尔盆地东南缘吉木萨尔南部中二叠统芦草沟组和上二叠统梧桐沟组进行了系统的采样,对泥页岩样品开展了生物标志化合物和元素地球化学分析,研究了该区中二叠统芦草沟组和上二叠统梧桐沟组泥页岩沉积时的氧化还原条件、古盐度和古气候特征。结果表明:①中二叠统芦草沟组沉积期处于贫氧的弱还原环境,有机质来源整体上以低等水生生物、沉水植物、原核生物等为主,芦草沟组中段混有少量高等植物输入;上二叠统梧桐沟组沉积期处于弱氧化—弱还原的环境,有机质来源整体上以低等水生生物、沉水植物、原核生物等为主,可能混有少量的高等植物,与芦草沟组相比有较多的沉水植物、泥炭藓、原核生物等;②中二叠统芦草沟组沉积时期湖盆为咸化—半咸化的水体,以干热的古气候条件为主;而上二叠统梧桐沟组沉积时期则为弱咸化—淡水的湖盆水体环境,以温暖湿润的古气候条件为主;③中二叠世至晚二叠世,研究区湖盆水体整体上呈现咸化程度降低,沉积有机质来源以低等水生生物、沉水植物、原核生物等为主,古气候呈由干热变为温暖湿润的演化趋势。  相似文献   
7.
In this study, a three-dimensional model was established using the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to study the internal ice melting process of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The single-point second-order curved boundary condition was adopted. The effects of GDL carbon fiber number, growth slope of the number of carbon fibers and carbon fiber diameter on ice melting were studied. The results were revealed that the temperature in the middle and lower part of the gradient distribution GDL is significantly higher than that of the no-gradient GDL. With the increase of the growth slope of the number of carbon fiber, the temperature and melting rate gradually increase, and the position of the solid-liquid interface gradually decreases. The decrease in the number of carbon fibers has a similar effect as the increase in the growth slope of the number of carbon fibers. In addition, as the diameter of the carbon fiber increases, the position of the solid-liquid interface gradually decreases first and then increases.  相似文献   
8.
李港  韩波 《新能源进展》2022,10(5):393-399
两相传输是影响质子交换膜水电解系统性能的关键因素。为掌握质子交换膜水电解单元中多孔扩散层内气液两相传输规律,基于数值重构的三维多孔扩散层结构,采用格子Boltzmann两相流动模型模拟研究了扩散层内两相传输过程,详细分析了扩散层孔隙率和表面接触角对气泡传输与分布的影响。数值模拟结果表明:孔隙率减小会明显降低气体渗透率,从而导致气泡难以在扩散层内找到有效传输通道。接触角的增大不仅增加了气泡在界面堆积的风险,也减缓了气泡在孔隙内的传输速度。从孔隙尺度水平初步掌握了质子交换膜水电解单元多孔扩散层内两相传输规律,可为高性能水电解系统设计和优化提供理论支撑。  相似文献   
9.
为了研究催化裂化柴油馏分烃分子在离子液体1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C6mim][BF4])中的扩散行为,采用分子模拟方法,以烃分子/[C6mim][BF4]共混模型体系为研究对象,计算不同烃分子在[C6mim][BF4]体系中的均方位移,分析烃分子与[C6mim][BF4]的相互作用,并讨论烃分子尺寸对共混体系自由体积分数的影响。结果表明:饱和烃分子比芳烃分子更容易在[C6mim][BF4]体系中进行扩散;饱和烃分子与[C6mim][BF4]的相互作用以范德华作用为主;随着芳烃环数增多,芳烃分子与[C6mim][BF4]的静电作用逐渐增强,对于三环芳烃,静电作用是其与[C6mim][BF4]间的主要相互作用。分子体积越小、与离子液体相互作用越强的烃分子对应的共混体系自由体积分数越小。  相似文献   
10.
采用CoFlame程序模拟研究了高压下H2/CO稀释剂对乙烷/空气层流扩散火焰中碳烟形成的影响。结果表明:H2和CO添加之后,火焰温度均略有增加,且碳烟体积分数随着H2/CO稀释比的增加而降低。H2的添加使得碳烟表面生长区域的H自由基浓度增加,减少了初始碳烟颗粒成核及表面生长的活性位点数,导致脱氢加乙炔(HACA)反应中氢提取速率减缓以及碳烟颗粒表面生长速率减缓。CO的添加使得苯(A1)和芘(A4)摩尔分数减少,减缓了碳烟成核速率,导致碳烟的生成受到抑制。  相似文献   
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