电场对Bi-Sb-Te热电材料微观结构及其性能影响

分别采用热压、低电场强度和高电场强度3种工艺烧结制备Bi1.2Sb4.8Te9热电材料,测试、对比分析3组试样的微观结构和热电传输性能。结果表明,采用电场加热方式烧结可有效提高材料的致密度,且在大电场强度工艺下晶粒择优取向。电场可使材料内缺陷减少,载流子浓度下降,同时提高载流子迁移率,使材料综合电性能提高,晶粒择优取向有助于降低材料热导率,这些都有助于热电材料ZT值的提高。     

Mg2Si热电材料与Cu/Ni复合电极的接头界面及性能

为保证热连接过程中热电材料与导流电极之间实现良好连接,同时形成有效的阻隔界面防止界面元素扩散致使材料性能下降,本研究以Cu片作电极,引入中间层Ni箔作扩散阻挡层,采用电场激活压力辅助烧结(FAPAS)法,在合成高纯硅化镁(Mg_2Si)热电材料的同时,同步制得Cu/Ni/Mg_2Si热电接头。利用SEM、EDS以及XRD对接头界面的微观相组成、元素扩散特征以及新相生长规律进行了探讨,并且采用热震试验和四探针法对接头分别进行了力学性能和电传输性能的测试。结果表明,合成的Mg_2Si纯度高,高温热膨胀性能稳定;Ni层能有效阻隔界面元素扩散,与Mg_2Si实现良好的冶金结合,连接界面新相层的生成次序依次为Mg_2Si Ni3和Mg2Ni。Cu/Ni/Mg_2Si具有较好的热膨胀匹配性能,连接界面在持续60次的热震循环后依然保持完整。随着时效时间延长,界面扩散层增厚,接触电阻有所增大,与t~(1/2)具有近线性关系,且700℃下未时效的接头获得最小接触电阻率112μ?·cm~2。     

阪崎肠杆菌3种检测方法的应用与分析

分别采用美国FDA、ISO/TS 22964-2006和GB4789-2010阪崎肠杆菌检测方法,同时采用缓冲液蛋白胨水(BPW)作为前增菌液,对FAPAS(Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme)提供婴幼儿配方奶粉进行阪崎肠杆菌定性检测,同时应用VITEK2生化鉴定和16SrDNA序列分析技术对分离的可疑菌落进行确认。结果表明:mLST-Vm选择性增菌肉汤和DFI显色平板可以提高工作效率和阳性检出率,可疑菌落易于识别,VITEK2(全自动微生物生化鉴定系统)和16SrDNA测序技术应用可以实现阪崎肠杆菌高效、快捷的检测。     

Preparation of rare-earth element doped Mg_2Si by FAPAS

正Rare-earth elements(Re) Sc and Y doped Mg_2Si thermoelectric materials were made via a field-activated and pressure-assisted synthesis(FAPAS) method at 1023-1073 K,50 MPa for 15 min.The samples created using this method have uniform and compact structures.The average grain size was about 1.5-2μm,the micro-content of Re did not change the matrix morphology.The sample with 2500 ppm Sc obtained the best Seebeck coefficient absolute value,about 1.93 times of that belonging to non-doped Mg_2Si at about 408 K.The electric conductivity of the sample doped with 2000 ppm Y becomes 1.69 times of that of pure Mg_2Si at 468 K,while the former had a better comprehensive electrical performance.Their thermal conductivity was reduced to 70%and 84% of that of non-doped Mg_2Si.Thus,the figure of merit and ZT of these two samples were enhanced visibly,which were 3.3 and 2.4 times of the non-doped samples at 408 K and 468 K,respectively.The maximal ZT belonging to samples doped with 2500 ppm Sc went up to 0.42 at about 498 K,higher than 0.40 of sample doped with 2000 ppm Y at 528 K and 0.25 of non-doped Mg_2Si at 678 K,and the samples doped with Sc seemed to get the best thermoelectric performances at lower temperature.     

管式反应法制备Mg_2Sn基热电材料及其性能研究

采用Mg H2代替单质Mg粉与Sn粉进行固相反应制备Mg2Sn基热电材料,有效地避免了Mg单质的挥发和氧化。在300~750 K的温度区间内对其热电性能进行了测试、分析,并与文献中报道的Mg2Sn热电性能进行了对比。结果表明,所有试样在整个测温区间均显示出n型掺杂,并且随着温度的升高,呈现逐渐向p型转变的变化趋势。掺杂Y后Mg2Sn试样的Seebeck系数有所提高,综合电性能比文献报道提高了40%,并且在350 K时获得最大的ZT值(0.033),是文献报道的Mg2Sn的ZT值(0.013)的近3倍。     

应用ICP-MS测定国际比对果汁样品中铅、镉和锡的含量

建立了微波消解、电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）同时测定国际比对果汁样品中铅、镉和锡的方法。应用微波消解进行样品前处理,采用在线内标校正基体干扰,采用干扰方程抑制质谱干扰,使用工作曲线计算出样品中铅、镉和锡元素的含量。测定结果表明,铅、镉和锡元素的检出限分别为0.021、0.016和0.052μg/L,相对标准偏差（RSD〈5%）,加标回收率介于90%～105%,用该方法测定FAPAS国际比对果汁样品,反馈的统计结果显示铅、镉和锡元素的Z值分别为-0.4、0.1和-0.2,结果均为满意。该方法快速、简单、精确,适于果汁中铅、镉和锡的测定。     

Development and in-house validation of a competitive ELISA for the quantitative detection of gluten in food

Wheat gluten contains peptide sequences, which activate specific T cells causing a chronic inflammation of the small intestine in celiac disease patients. It is well established that next to wheat gluten, the gluten-like proteins in barley and rye are similarly harmful to celiac disease patients whereas oat is generally considered safe. This study focuses on the development of an ELISA method for the detection of native and processed gluten proteins. The developed test utilizes a monoclonal antibody specific for the DQ2.5-glia-α3 T cell epitope present in the α-gliadins, which are part of wheat gluten that triggers celiac disease. The developed competitive ELISA uses a synthetic DQ2.5-glia-α3 peptide standard for calibration. The conversion from the measured DQ2.5-glia-α3 peptide concentration to gliadin content is achieved by using the experimentally determined multiplication factor of 250. The gluten content can be then calculated by multiplying the gliadin concentration by a factor of 2. A simple sample preparation method with 60% ethanol is used to extract the disease-causing proteins from cereals and processed foods. The assay was found to be specific for the detection of gluten from wheat, barley and rye with no cross-reaction with 8 tested oat varieties. The LOD and LOQ for gliadin were calculated based on the results obtained for 60 blank oats samples and they were 2.9 and 3.6 ppm, respectively. The assay could detect as little as 0.01% wheat gluten and gluten-like proteins from rye and barley in oats. The ELISA was also found to be applicable to the analysis of a range of processed food such as sauces, beers, soups and bread. In conclusion, the developed assay is a sensitive, specific and cost-effective tool for screening cereals and processed foods for the presence of harmful wheat gluten and gluten-like proteins from barley and rye.     

ICP-MS法测定罐装鱼中5种元素含量的国际比对及其结果分析

在英国食品分析水平评估计划(FAPAS) 组织的罐装鱼残留无机元素的能力测试项目中，采用微波消解前处理方法，电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定，标准加入法定量分析罐装鱼中砷、镉、汞、铜、铅的含量，方法可靠，结果令人满意。通过对FAPAS能力验证结果统计报告的研究，从测定结果、样品前处理、检测方法等方面对统计结果进行了综合分析。     

Mg2Si基热电材料的稀土掺杂优化

采用机械研磨-电场激活压力辅助合成(FAPAS)技术,快速合成了稀土Sc和Y掺杂的Mg2Si基热电材料,所得试样组织均匀、致密,试样的平均晶粒尺寸为1.5～2μcm,微量稀土元素不改变基体材料的组织形貌.分析表明两种稀土元素均在不同程度改善热电性能,其中掺杂0.427%(摩尔分数)Sc和0.173%(摩尔分数)Y的试样...     

罐装鱼挥发性盐基氮定量测定能力验证结果与分析

目的通过食品分析水平评估计划(food analysis performance assessments cheme,FAPAS)能力验证,提高实验室理化分析检测能力。方法采用国标中半微量定氮法、自动凯氏定氮仪法对鱼罐头中挥发性盐基氮(totalvolatilebasenitrogen,TVB-N)测定进行方法比对,结合FAPAS能力验证报告对检测方法进行评价。结果通过对鱼罐头中挥发性盐基氮的测定, 2种方法的检测数据均能满足实验室质量控制规范,自动凯氏定氮法的精密度、准确度、操作便利性都高于半微量定氮法, FAPAS样品的TVB-N测定结果为32.4 mg/100 g,│Z│值为1.1。结论实验检测能力评价为满意,表明本实验室对食品中TVB-N项目检测能力较好。