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1.
Hydrogen transportation by pipelines gradually becomes a critical engineering route in the worldwide adaptation of hydrogen as a form of clean energy. However, due to the hydrogen embrittlement effect, the compatibility of linepipe steels and associated welds with hydrogen is a major concern when designing hydrogen-carrying pipelines. When hydrogen enters the steels, their ductility, fracture resistance, and fatigue properties can be adversely altered. This paper reviews the status of several demonstration projects for natural gas-hydrogen blending and pure hydrogen transportation, the pipeline materials used and their operating parameters. This paper also compares the current standards of materials specifications for hydrogen pipeline systems from different parts of the world. The hydrogen compatibility and tolerance of varying grades of linepipe steels and the relevant testing methods for assessing the compatibility are then discussed, and the conservatism or the inadequacies of the test conditions of the current standards are pointed out for future improvement.  相似文献   
2.
利用金属原位分析技术和钻孔化学分析方法对高淬透性轴承钢GCr15SiMn的Φ450 mm连铸圆坯和Φ130 mm圆钢的C、Si、Mn、Cr元素横截面的分布情况进行分析。采用推力片式接触疲劳试验机进行了材料的接触疲劳寿命测试。结果表明:GCr15SiMn连铸圆坯C元素的偏析倾向较大,易产生中心正偏析,而Cr、Si、Mn元素的偏析倾向较小。通过采取稳定低过热度浇铸、三段强电磁搅拌等措施,铸坯的中心碳偏析得以改善。采用(1240±20)℃×5 h高温扩散、初轧首道次变形量≥90 mm大变形轧制的Φ130 mm圆钢的碳偏析可以得到进一步的改善,试验钢在5.3GPa高应力负载下的接触疲劳额定寿命L10达到3.58×106次,接近电渣重熔钢的水平。  相似文献   
3.
柳木桐  王或.  钟平  田野  赵振业 《特殊钢》2022,43(4):100-103
试验用00Cr18Ni10N钢(/%:0.018C,0.41Si,1.68Mn,18.18Cr,10.38Ni,0.16N)经1t EAF-AOD-ESR冶炼,锻成Φ30 mm材和1 050℃固溶处理,进行了00Cr18Ni10N钢200~600℃光滑(Kt=1)、缺口(Kt=3)的轴向高周疲劳性能研究,绘制了疲劳S-N曲线、计算了疲劳极限,并对疲劳试样的典型断口进行了SEM观察。结果表明,光滑试样的疲劳极限随试验温度升高而降低,缺口试样的疲劳极限对试验温度变化不敏感。当应力集中系数由Kt=1提高到Kt=3时,00Cr18Ni10N钢的200、400、600℃下107周次条件疲劳极限分别从530、506、410 MPa,降低到323、370、392 MPa。表明在高温下00Cr18Ni10N钢存在疲劳极限对应力集中敏感,且应力集中敏感性随着试验温度的升高而降低。疲劳试样的断口形貌由疲劳源区、疲劳裂纹扩展区和瞬断区组成,疲劳起源于表面加工刀痕的不连续位置,呈韧性断裂特征。  相似文献   
4.
以获取高性能微弧氧化陶瓷膜,且不降低基体铝合金的抗疲劳性能为目标,采用高速微粒轰击处理工艺和微弧氧化处理工艺制备了未处理、高速微粒轰击处理、微弧氧化处理、高速微粒轰击+微弧氧化处理复合处理4种状态的试样,通过疲劳试验机对其疲劳寿命进行了测试;同时,采用TEM和XRD残余应力测试仪等分析方法对试样的表层微观组织结构和残余应力进行了观察与测试。结果表明:加载载荷较高时,4种试样疲劳寿命基本相同,寿命较短;加载载荷较低时,微弧氧化处理铝合金的疲劳寿命明显低于未处理试样,高速微粒轰击处理导致的微观组织结构细化和形成的残余压应力可以有效抑制疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展,使未处理和微弧氧化铝合金的疲劳寿命均得到有效提高,这2种高速颗粒轰击处理过的试样的疲劳寿命均高于未处理试样,这表明高速颗粒轰击强化处理可有效提高低应力水平时微弧氧化铝合金的疲劳寿命。  相似文献   
5.
Reinforced composite membranes in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) are attracting more and more attention due to their simultaneously superior durability and high performance. Despite its improved durability during accelerated stress testing, the underlying mechanism of reinforcement in improving mechanical durability, particularly the crack propagation resistance, has not well been investigated. In this paper, we report the fatigue crack propagation behaviors of reinforced Nafion XL membrane and unreinforced Nafion 212 membrane. It is found that the fatigue crack growth rate of Nafion 212 membrane depends on stress ratios, and that of Nafion XL membrane depends on initial crack length and membrane orientation. In addition, the microstructure changes of reinforced Nafion XL membrane are examined through microscopy studies where two distinct features are observed: crack propagation in outer ionomer layers and interfacial delamination. These two features well explain the distinct fatigue crack propagation behavior of Nafion XL membrane, such as slow and almost constant fatigue crack propagation rate. The findings reported here are not only beneficial for understanding fatigue crack propagation mechanism of reinforced composite membrane but also helpful for designing and optimizing composite ion-conductive membranes.  相似文献   
6.
对8根钢筋混凝土梁进行了大气环境、淡水及海水环境下的疲劳试验,研究了其力学性能及刚度损伤演化规律。进一步分析了三种环境与循环荷载共同作用下试件梁的破坏形态、挠度发展规律和疲劳寿命。试验结果表明,腐蚀和疲劳存在耦合作用,海水腐蚀环境与5%~70%荷载水平作用下,梁疲劳寿命最短。根据理论分析和试验结果,对钢筋混凝土梁在严酷海洋环境下的疲劳寿命及其规律进行了进一步研究,参考已有文献和试验研究结果给出了基于钢筋混凝土梁刚度损伤演化规律的疲劳寿命预测模型,经计算,实测结果与该预测模型计算结果之间的误差不超过13%。  相似文献   
7.
针对浮选机主轴的疲劳强度问题,基于液-固耦合的方法,采用流体分析与疲劳强度分析相结合的方式对浮选机主轴的疲劳强度进行协同计算。根据疲劳强度理论,通过数值分析确定主轴的疲劳极限应力,得出主轴的应力分布规律,该研究对防止主轴疲劳断裂,优化设计浮选机主轴,具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   
8.
This work reports the composition dependent microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties, and the phase transitions sequence of lead free xBa(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-(1-x)(Ba0.7Ca0.3)TiO3 [xBZT-(1-x)BCT] ceramics, with x?=?0.4, 0.5 and 0.6, prepared by solid state reaction method. The XRD and Raman scattering results confirm the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases at room temperature (RT). The temperature dependence of Raman scattering spectra, dielectric permittivity and polarization points a first phase transition from ferroelectric rhombohedral phase to ferroelectric tetragonal phase at a temperature (TR-T) of 40?°C and a second phase transition from ferroelectric tetragonal phase - paraelectric pseudocubic phase at a temperature (TT-C) of 110?°C. The dielectric analysis suggests that the phase transition at TT-C is of diffusive type and the BZT-BCT ceramics are a relaxor type ferroelectric materials. The composition induced variation in the temperature dependence of dielectric losses was correlated with full width half maxima (FWHM) of A1, E(LO) Raman mode. The saturation polarization (Ps) ≈8.3?μC/cm2 and coercive fields ≈2.9?kV/cm were found to be optimum at composition x?=?0.6 and is attributed to grain size effect. It is also shown that BZT-BCT ceramics exhibit a fatigue free response up to 105 cycles. The effect of a.c. electric field amplitude and temperature on energy storage density and storage efficiency is also discussed. The presence of high TT-C (110?°C), a high dielectric constant (εr ≈?12,285) with low dielectric loss (0.03), good polarization (Ps ≈?8.3?μC/cm2) and large recoverable energy density (W?=?121?mJ/cm3) with an energy storage efficiency (η) of 70% at an electric field of 25?kV/cm in 0.6BZT-0.4BCT ceramics make them suitable candidates for energy storage capacitor applications.  相似文献   
9.
Penetration and non-penetration lap laser welding is the joining method for assembling side facade panels of railway passenger cars,while their fatigue performances and the difference between them are not completely understood.In this study,the fatigue resistance and failure behavior of penetration 1.5+0.8-P and non-penetration 0.8+1.5-N laser welded lap joints prepared with 0.8 mm and 1.5 mm cold-rolled 301L plates were investigated.The weld beads showed a solidification microstructure of primary ferrite with good thermal cracking resistance,and their hardness was lower than that of the plates.The 1.5+0.8-P joint exhibited better fatigue resistance to low stress amplitudes,whereas the 0.8+1.5-N joint showed greater resistance to high stress amplitudes.The failure modes of 0.8+1.5-N and 1.5+0.8-P joints were 1.5 mm and 0.8 mm lower lap plate fracture,respectively,and the primary cracks were initiated at welding fusion lines on the lap surface.There were long plastic ribs on the penetration plate fracture,but not on the non-penetration plate fracture.The fatigue resistance stresses in the crack initiation area of the penetration and non-penetration plates calculated based on the mean fatigue limits are 408 MPa and 326 MPa,respectively,which can be used as reference stress for the fatigue design of the laser welded structures.The main reason for the difference in fatigue performance between the two laser welded joints was that the asymmetrical heating in the non-penetration plate thickness resulted in higher residual stress near the welding fusion line.  相似文献   
10.
In the aim of providing a reliable technique to monitor the development of damage in 0°/90° melt-infiltrated SiC-fiber reinforced prepreg laminate ceramic-matrix composites, it was hypothesized that the electrical resistivities of different layers of this material were significantly different due to their free Si content and morphology. Three distinct layers: a 0° fiber ply, a 90° fiber ply and a matrix only ply, were distinguished in the composite architecture. Free silicon is the most conductive phase in this composite system; however, the Si content and morphology were different in each of the three types of plies. Unidirectional and [0°/90°]2s specimens enabled quantification of ply-level resistivities. An electric circuit model was constructed; it consists of parallel resistors where each resistor represents a ply in the composite system. This ply-level electrical model was validated using composites of different vintages which contained different silicon contents. A room temperature stepped fatigue test was conducted and the ply level circuit model was used to discern crack morphology with the support of acoustic emission and digital image correlation.  相似文献   
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