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1.
渝东南地区阳春沟构造带是页岩气勘探有利区,构造裂缝发育特征和期次研究有助于评价该地区页岩气储层物性和保存条件。以渝东南地区阳春沟构造带五峰组—龙马溪组页岩构造裂缝为研究对象,通过岩心观察、成像测井解释、包裹体测温、磷灰石裂变径迹测年和区域构造运动演化等手段,对页岩构造裂缝发育的特征及形成期次进行研究,进而分析构造裂缝形成与页岩气成藏过程的匹配关系。研究结果表明,阳春沟地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩中的构造裂缝非常发育,被方解石充填,多处呈现不同期次裂缝交错切割形成复杂缝网,并可见揉皱、微断层等现象。这些裂缝形成于3期构造运动:第一期为北北西向、北西西向和北东向裂缝,以方解石和黄铁矿全充填为主,形成于燕山运动中期,磷灰石裂变径迹测年为82~95 Ma,包裹体测温为190~210 ℃;第二期为北北东向、北东东向平面剪切缝和北西向剖面剪切缝,以方解石充填—半充填为主,形成于燕山运动晚期,磷灰石裂变径迹测年为68~78 Ma,包裹体测温为165~185 ℃;第三期为北北东向、北东东向平面剪切缝和北西向剖面剪切缝,并对前期裂缝进行改造,裂缝以方解石充填为主,形成于燕山末期—喜马拉雅期,磷灰石裂变径迹测年为30~62 Ma,包裹体测温为135~155 ℃。第一期构造裂缝形成于页岩最大埋深—开始抬升期,有利于改善页岩储层物性。第二期和第三期构造裂缝形成于页岩气藏调整期,该期的抬升运动会增加页岩气的逸散量,破坏页岩气的保存条件。抬升时期开始的越早,页岩气藏经历的调整破坏时期越长,单井含气量和测试产量就越低。  相似文献   
2.
再生骨料(RCA)对混凝土的性能影响极大,了解RCA对混凝土性能的影响,对提高RCA的利用效率,降低建筑行业碳排放并响应国家“双碳”政策至关重要。本文借助CT扫描技术获取了四组不同RCA替代率下掺锂渣再生混凝土的骨料特征图像,运用数字图像处理方法获得了RCA的形状系数(SF)、棱角度(AN)、棱角与表面纹理(AT)指数及三维球体度(SP),分析了它们的分布规律及特点,并通过灰色关联分析方法建立了骨料特征参数与抗压强度的联系。结果表明:RCA具有较高的不规则性,由于骨料残留的砂浆量不同,其表面呈现粗糙且多棱角的特点;四个骨料特征参数均表现出较高的灰色关联度,其中SP关联性最大,达到0.942;在合理的骨料混合比例下,试验样品可以满足C30混凝土强度的要求,且在30%(质量分数)RCA替代率下力学性能最优。  相似文献   
3.
In this work, a practical numerical model with few parameters was proposed for the prediction of environmental hydrogen embrittlement. The proposed method adopts hydrogen enhanced plasticity-based mechanism in a fracture strain model to describe hydrogen embrittlement. Fracture toughness degradation of three commercial steels SA372J70, AISI4130 and X80 in high pressure hydrogen environment were investigated. Firstly, governing equations for hydrogen distribution and material damage evolution was established. Hydrogen enhanced localized flow softening effect was coupled within fracture strain dependency on stress triaxiality. Then, the numerical implementation and identification process of model parameters was described. Model parameters of the investigated steels were determined based on experiment results from literatures. Finally, with the calibrated model, fracture toughness reduction of the steels was predicted in a wide range of hydrogen pressure. The prediction results were compared with experimental results. Reasonable accuracy was reached. The proposed method is an attempt to reach balance between physical accurate prediction and engineering practicality. It is promising to provide a simplified numerical tool for the design and fit for service evaluation of hydrogen storage vessels.  相似文献   
4.
Hydrogen transportation by pipelines gradually becomes a critical engineering route in the worldwide adaptation of hydrogen as a form of clean energy. However, due to the hydrogen embrittlement effect, the compatibility of linepipe steels and associated welds with hydrogen is a major concern when designing hydrogen-carrying pipelines. When hydrogen enters the steels, their ductility, fracture resistance, and fatigue properties can be adversely altered. This paper reviews the status of several demonstration projects for natural gas-hydrogen blending and pure hydrogen transportation, the pipeline materials used and their operating parameters. This paper also compares the current standards of materials specifications for hydrogen pipeline systems from different parts of the world. The hydrogen compatibility and tolerance of varying grades of linepipe steels and the relevant testing methods for assessing the compatibility are then discussed, and the conservatism or the inadequacies of the test conditions of the current standards are pointed out for future improvement.  相似文献   
5.
The study of steels which guarantee safety and reliability throughout their service life in hydrogen-rich environments has increased considerably in recent years. Their mechanical behavior in terms of hydrogen embrittlement is of utmost importance. This work aims to assess the effects of hydrogen on the tensile properties of quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 steels. Tensile tests were performed on smooth and notched specimens under different conditions: pre-charged in high pressure hydrogen gas, electrochemically pre-charged, and in-situ hydrogen charged in an acid aqueous medium. The influence of the charging methodology on the corresponding embrittlement indexes was assessed. The role of other test variables, such as the applied current density, the electrolyte composition, and the displacement rate was also studied. An important reduction of the strength was detected when notched specimens were subjected to in-situ charging. When the same tests were performed on smooth tensile specimens, the deformation results were reduced. This behavior is related to significant changes in the operative failure micromechanisms, from ductile (microvoids coalescence) in absence of hydrogen or under low hydrogen contents, to brittle (decohesion of martensite lath interfaces) under the most stringent conditions.  相似文献   
6.
The effect of ammonia (NH3) contained in hydrogen (H2) gas on hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) of SCM440 low-alloy steel was studied in association with the NH3 concentration, loading rate, and gas pressure. NH3 worked as both mitigator of the HEE and inducer of hydrogen embrittlement (HE) depending on the testing conditions. The mitigation of the HEE was achieved by the deactivation of the iron (Fe) surface for H2 dissociation caused by the preferential adsorption of NH3 on the Fe surface, which is enhanced by the increase in the NH3 concentration and decrease in the H2 gas pressure. NH3 induced HE was caused due to creating hydrogen by the NH3 decomposition. Since the NH3 decomposition rate is low, the induction effect was observed when the loading rate was low. The effect of NH3 was determined by the competition of the mitigation and induction effects.  相似文献   
7.
目的 明确扫描电子束环状下束方式下能量分布数学模型以及能量峰值系数对45钢表面温度场的影响规律。方法 基于高斯热源模型,引入能量峰值位置参数,演算扫描电子束环状下束方式下能量分布的数学模型,利用COMSOL软件,模拟扫描带热循环曲线与温度场。结果 针对环状下束方式下电子束热源模型进行修订,电子束能量分布沿中心线对称分布,表层能量分布与偏转角度和能量峰值参数相关,能量峰值参数在0~1内,数值越大c点第一、二能量峰值及其差值越大,扫描带纵向点温差越小,热循环曲线间距越小;电子束下束与收束阶段,束斑温度变化较大,而扫描中期温度较为稳定,能量峰值参数越大,45钢表层高温区域半径越大,最高温度也有所增加;45钢经不同能量峰值系数作用后,扫描带与亚高温带区域的宽度有所不同。结论 能量峰值参数对环状电子束能量分布有较大影响, 时束斑在表层能量梯度最小,有利于大面域电子束表面改性下的能量均匀分布。  相似文献   
8.
柳木桐  王或.  钟平  田野  赵振业 《特殊钢》2022,43(4):100-103
试验用00Cr18Ni10N钢(/%:0.018C,0.41Si,1.68Mn,18.18Cr,10.38Ni,0.16N)经1t EAF-AOD-ESR冶炼,锻成Φ30 mm材和1 050℃固溶处理,进行了00Cr18Ni10N钢200~600℃光滑(Kt=1)、缺口(Kt=3)的轴向高周疲劳性能研究,绘制了疲劳S-N曲线、计算了疲劳极限,并对疲劳试样的典型断口进行了SEM观察。结果表明,光滑试样的疲劳极限随试验温度升高而降低,缺口试样的疲劳极限对试验温度变化不敏感。当应力集中系数由Kt=1提高到Kt=3时,00Cr18Ni10N钢的200、400、600℃下107周次条件疲劳极限分别从530、506、410 MPa,降低到323、370、392 MPa。表明在高温下00Cr18Ni10N钢存在疲劳极限对应力集中敏感,且应力集中敏感性随着试验温度的升高而降低。疲劳试样的断口形貌由疲劳源区、疲劳裂纹扩展区和瞬断区组成,疲劳起源于表面加工刀痕的不连续位置,呈韧性断裂特征。  相似文献   
9.
Morphology, microstructure, and distribution of antennal sensilla were compared between female and male Pseudosymmachia flavescens (Brenske) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Lamellate antennae of P. flavescens were shown to have typical scape, pedicel, and flagellum segments. The flagellum consists of a four-segmented funicle and a three-segmented club. The lengths of their pedicel and funicle were found to be similar in females and males. Distinct sexual differences were observed in the length of lamellar segments. Nine types/subtypes of sensilla were identified on the antennae of both sexes, including Böhm sensilla, sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconica (SB), and two subtypes for sensilla chaetica, sensilla coeloconica, and sensilla placodea each. Olfactory sensilla (e.g., SB and placodea) are mainly located on three lamellar segments of the antennal club. Variation was also seen in abundance of various types of antennal sensilla, with males possessing significantly more sensilla than females. Sensilla placodea were the most abundant, and their number in males was twice of that in females, showing a clear sexual dimorphism. The difference in the distribution of sensilla placodea might reflect their roles in sexual chemical communication.  相似文献   
10.
徐卫国 《轧钢》2021,38(6):75-81
针对当前轧钢企业智能工厂及智能物流的建设,介绍了“黑灯库房”在山钢日照公司冷轧厂轧后库和成品库的应用情况;主要对无人行车的硬件组成及关键技术,如防碰撞技术、智能扫描定位系统、吊具防摇摆技术、智能吊具系统等,进行了详细阐述,并对库管系统及其功能进行了介绍。实际应用表明,采用“黑灯库房”不仅能够带来良好的经济效益,而且库存周转更快、更高效,在安全上提供了更强有力的保障,使山钢日照公司智能制造水平有了较大提升,为下一步智能梦工厂的实现打下了良好的基础。  相似文献   
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