新型限力输出保护功能柔性夹钳的设计与参数评估

柔性夹钳因具有微/纳精密操作能力, 常应用于微操作系统中, 但因抓爪无法提供恒定输出力或恒力范围小, 容易造成操作对象的损伤或脱落。根据放大模块与常力模块串联的结构形式, 设计了一种具有常力特性的柔性夹钳。基于伪刚体法, 建立放大模块中桥式机构与杠杆机构的刚度和放大率数学模型, 通过对倾斜导向梁进行分析, 得到常力模块的力-位移关系式, 计算出恒定输出力为42.5 N, 输出范围为370 μm。最后, 结合不同柔顺梁的结构参数, 运用MATLAB仿真探究了各关键参数对常力特性的影响。研究结果可为常力柔性夹钳的构型设计和分析提供一定的理论支撑。     

Two-Dimensional Silicene–Stanene Heterostructures by Epitaxy

The synthesis of new Xenes and their potential applications prototypes have achieved significant milestones so far. However, to date the realization of Xene heterostructures in analogy with the well known van der Waals heterostructures remains an unresolved issue. Here, a Xene heterostructure concept based on the epitaxial combination of silicene and stanene on Ag(111) is introduced, and how one Xene layer enables another Xene layer of a different nature to grow on top is demonstrated. Single-phase (4 × 4) silicene is synthesized using stanene as a template, and stanene is grown on top of silicene on the other way around. In both heterostructures, in situ and ex situ probes confirm layer-by-layer growth without intercalations and intermixing. Modeling via density functional theory shows that the atomic layers in the heterostructures are strongly interacting, and hexagonal symmetry conservation in each individual layer is sequence selective. The results provide a substantial step toward currently missing Xene heterostructures and may inspire new paths for atomic-scale materials engineering.     

温州某公轨共建高架车站结构设计

为了解决城市廊道资源的紧张和公共交通发展需求的矛盾,出现了轨道交通和快速路的共建型式,即公轨共建的复合型交通模式,以温州市域铁路S2线一期工程的人民路站为例,研究公轨共建高架车站的结构设计要点。首先,为降低浅层气体对桩基的承载力及沉降影响,对遇到局部浅层气体发育的基础设计提供了合理的解决方案。然后针对公轨共建一体化车站分别进行了多遇和罕遇地震作用分析,研究表明构件及整体指标满足规范要求。最后针对工程的一些关键技术,如快速路桥面体系的选型、超长结构温度应力的控制措施、轨道梁挠度及应力的控制、快速路桥面振动对车站的影响等进行了分析,并给出了具体的解决方案和指导意见。     

Effect of functionally graded structure design on durability and thermal insulation capacity of plasma-sprayed thick thermal barrier coating

This paper aimed to design and optimize the structure of a thick thermal barrier coating by adding graded layers to achieve a balance between high thermal insulation capacity and durability. To this end, conventional TBC, conventional TTBC, and functionally graded TTBCs were deposited on the superalloy substrate by air plasma spraying. To determine the quality of the bond strength of the coatings, the bonding strength was measured. The durability of coatings was evaluated by isothermal oxidation and thermal shock tests. Then, at a temperature of 1000 °C, the thermal insulation capacity of the coatings was carried out. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the thickness of the TGO layer formed on the bond coat in the conventional TBC and TTBC under the oxidation test at 1000 °C after 150 h was 2.79 and 2.11 μm, respectively, whereas, in the functionally graded TTBC samples, no continuous TGO layer was observed as a result of internal oxidation. The functionally graded TTBC presented higher durability than conventional TTBC due to improved bonding strength, thermal shock resistance, and the lack of a TGO layer at the bond/top coat interface. Also, the thermal insulation capacity of the functionally graded TTBC (with 1000 μm thickness of YSZ coating) was better than TTBC.     

新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝构件受力的简化计算方法

针对常见泥石流防治结构被冲击破坏的问题，基于“柔性消能”理念，结合张弦梁结构和竖向预应力锚杆技术，提出一种既能改善结构受力性能、增加结构整体抗冲击能力、保证结构安全可靠，又能减小结构构件截面尺寸、节约成本、便于现场施工组装和后期运营维护的新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝，并阐述其技术原理。根据泥石流荷载分布和新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的受力特征，给出其简化的内力计算方法；并利用SAP2000建立新结构有限元模型，分析了结构的整体受力，验证了构件简化计算方法的合理性；结合Python语言和Qt De? signer软件开发了相应的设计计算软件，对新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的内力进行求解。结果表明：提出的新结构抗冲击性能好，构件受力均匀；以后设计中应关注竖杆的剪切脆性破坏和立柱偏心受力情况，保证结构安全；变形协调仅使底层张弦梁与竖杆内力偏大，实际工程应用时，应着重验算底层构件，防止其破坏；文中提出的简化计算方法能较准确的反映结构的受力特性，具有一定的合理性，研究可为新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的设计计算和推广应用提供理论依据和技术支持。     

Theoretical analysis and test verification of pull-out forces in shear connectors of composite beam under negative bending moment

Abstract

A mechanical model of steel-concrete composite beams considering horizontal slip and vertical pull-out effects under negative bending moment was established based on the theory of elastic deformation. By using the principle of force equilibrium and deformation compatibility condition, the differential equation was derived and deduced using computational calculation program, in which the formula of the pull-out force in shear connectors under negative bending moment was obtained. The experiment was conducted in order to verify the reliability of theoretical results. The results show: under the same load condition, the pull-out force of a single stud increases with the increase of the stud spacing. All the theoretical results were verified by comparing with experiment results to illustrate the accuracy and reliability of the calculation method. It provides a theoretical reference for the study of the interface interaction considering horizontal slip and vertical pull-out effect in the negative bending moment region of continuous composite beams.     

超厚板TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头应力腐蚀敏感性

针对100 mm超厚板TC4钛合金电子束焊接接头，采用慢应变速率拉伸方法评价接头在人造海水中的应力腐蚀敏感性，分析接头的显微组织和断口形貌，对接头的腐蚀机制进行研究. 结果表明，室温条件下应变速率为ε=1×10-6 s-1时，母材在海水中未表现出应力腐蚀敏感性；焊缝上部、中部和下部具有轻微应力腐蚀敏感性. 焊缝在海水中发生阳极溶解，产生氢吸附，导致裂纹的萌生. 同时氢扩散诱导α'相界及α'相内发生位错塞积，进而使裂纹在更低的应力水平下发生扩展.     

气瓶内部淬火过程的流动换热特性

 大直径厚壁气瓶内部淬火时的流动换热过程极其复杂，受到多种因素的影响，而研究气瓶内部压强和温度的变化规律对改善流动换热效果、提高产品组织性能具有重要的理论指导意义。以914 mm厚壁气瓶和瓶内流体为研究对象，建立了二维等效流 固耦合模型；采用多喷嘴系统对气瓶内外进行喷水淬火，研究了气瓶总长、喷水流速及淬火时间对瓶内压强及内壁温度的影响，通过间歇淬火试验验证了数学模型的正确性。结果发现，气瓶长度对瓶内压强和瓶壁温度的影响显著，喷水流速次之，当喷水流速大于8 m/s后，水量对瓶壁的冷却效果大大降低；气瓶内壁长度方向的温度梯度分别随气瓶总长的增加和淬火时间的延长而减小，但基本不受喷水量的影响。     

蜂窝梁的稳定性能研究进展

对蜂窝梁破坏模式的研究表明，失稳是其结构性能失效的重要破坏模式。为此，在回顾蜂窝梁结构特性研究的基础上，总结归纳了蜂窝梁失稳的3种主要模式：整体弯扭失稳、梁墩屈曲、畸变屈曲。结合国内外近30多年来对蜂窝梁稳定性的试验研究成果，对影响蜂窝梁稳定性的主要因素进行分析。采用蒙特卡洛法得到纯弯简支蜂窝梁弯扭失稳临界荷载的概率分布和影响因子的敏感度。将部分具有代表性的试验成果与欧洲规范EN 1993-1-1计算结果进行对比，根据中国规范GB 50068—2001《建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准》提供的抗力分项系数，计算了不同荷载组合下蜂窝梁整体弯扭失稳临界荷载的可靠度指标，为国内规范的制订提供依据。最后，总结了当前蜂窝梁稳定性研究中存在的不足，指明了进一步研究的方向。