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1.
In this study, the thickness and wax content of wax deposits were found to be thinner and lower in the polyethylene (PE) pipe than in the stainless steel (SS) pipe using a flow loop apparatus. The diffusivity of wax, radial thermal gradient, and wax precipitation rate in the PE and SS pipes were calculated and compared. It was found the diffusivity of wax in the PE pipe was higher and tended to enhance the wax deposition in the PE pipe, while the radial thermal gradient and wax precipitation rate were lower in the PE pipe and had the opposite effects. These factors are shown to be comparable with each other and the effect of the thermal gradient dominates the mass flux of wax from bulk to the oil-deposit interface and into the deposits finally, thus causing differences in thickness and wax content of deposits between the PE and SS pipes.  相似文献   
2.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(23):32969-32978
In this study, hydroxyapatite-based hydroxyapatite-wollastonite-boron nitride (HAp-Wo-BN) composite film was formed on the surface of Ti6Al4V by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Based on a survey in scientific literature, it is presumed that this is the first time such a process is being undertaken. The wear and corrosion resistance of this film were analyzed comparatively in simulated body fluid (SBF) to simulate the human body environment. In the coating, HAp was used to form a bone-like layer, wollastonite was to enhance bone-tissue regeneration and BN was used for its bone-tissue healing and anti-bacterial properties. The results showed that the wear as well as the corrosion resistance of all samples after PLD treatment increased. Relatively the best wear resistance was achieved from boron nitride and wollastonite doped hydroxyapatite layers, where the best corrosion resistance was from the ones that consisted of only hydroxyapatite.  相似文献   
3.
Diamond-like carbon (DLC) possesses brilliant and excellent properties, including excellent corrosion resistance as well as outstanding wear resistance. Ni and B co-doped DLC films were deposited on AZ91D magnesium alloy by electrodeposition under mild conditions (300 V and 25°C). Uniform and dense morphology of co-doped DLC films were observed, and Ni and B were uniformly incorporated into the carbon-based films. Among all the electrodeposits, the appearance of D and G peaks near 1330 and 1570 cm−1 revealed that the as-deposited films were typical DLC films. As the addition of Ni was increased to 0.05 g, the highest microindentation hardness, the lowest friction coefficient, and wear loss were achieved to be 164.5 HV, 0.3, and 0.6 × 10−5 kg/m, respectively. The amorphous carbon films fabricated at 0.05 g Ni had the lowest corrosion current density and the most positive corrosion potential, which was mainly due to the small and dense granular structure effectively hindering the penetration of corrosion media.  相似文献   
4.
以三(2,2,6,6-四甲基-3,5-庚二酮)化铬为前驱体,采用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在氧化铝(Al2O3)陶瓷基板上制备碳化铬(Cr3C2)薄膜,其中沉积温度为723 K至923 K,沉积时间为1 200 s。研究了不同沉积温度对Cr3C2薄膜的相组成、择优取向、宏观表面、微观结构及电学性能的影响。结果表明,在723 K至923 K下制备得到具有高度(130)择优取向的Cr3C2薄膜。随着沉积温度的升高,Cr3C2薄膜表面先由光滑变粗糙,后逐渐变光滑;薄膜晶粒呈椭球型生长;薄膜的厚度先增加后减小,从而导致电阻先减小后增大。在798 K时制备得到厚度最大且电阻最小的(130)择优取向的最佳Cr3C2薄膜。同时,在实验条件下Cr3C2薄膜表面存在少量的碳和Cr2O3。  相似文献   
5.
Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) was used to prepare tungsten trioxide (WO3) films on ITO substrates with a varying laser power density of 4.0–5.5 W/cm2. XPS indicated that when the laser power density decreased, the peak positions of the W 4f and O 1s orbits shifted slightly to low energy due to the difference in oxygen vacancies. As the laser power density decreased, W6+ gradually replaced the lattice position of O2?, increasing oxygen vacancies in the lattice. The transmittance modulated values (ΔT) were over 44% at 830 nm, indicating strong absorption by the WO3 thin films in the near-infrared ray. The switching time of the WO3 thin films between bleached states and coloured states decreased as the laser power density increased due to the amorphous structure, morphology, and lower oxygen deficiency at a high power density. The high ΔT and very fast switching time of tb (1.09 s) and tc (6.01 s) demonstrated the excellent electrochromic (EC) properties of the WO3 films prepared by PLD.  相似文献   
6.
白雪琛  梁国星  吕明 《金属热处理》2021,46(12):142-148
利用选区电化学沉积技术在45钢基体上沉积镍镀层,并对其进行形貌观察、能谱分析探寻选区电化学沉积镍镀层组织生长规律,并将镀层和基体耐磨性进行了试验对比。结果表明,选区电化学沉积生长过程为由小型颗粒逐步生长堆叠成为致密镀层;晶粒生长呈螺旋式上升堆叠形态,球状晶粒内部和表面存在微裂纹;晶粒间隙处存在氧元素,氧化反应对于小型晶粒之间的相互融合起抑制作用;选区电化学沉积镍镀层结构组织更加致密,镀层组织与基体组织间存在明显的分界线,镀层组织相较于基体材料耐磨性更好。  相似文献   
7.
贺琼瑶  吴桂林  刘聪  刘静  杨小奎  周堃  张伦武  项运良 《表面技术》2021,50(1):267-276, 295
多数工程结构材料的失效都是从表面的薄弱环节开始发生或者传导,从而引起材料的性能下降,使用寿命缩短.受生物材料的梯度结构启发,近年来开发了多种表面纳米化技术,成功在工程材料表面制备了晶粒尺寸从表层纳米尺度连续变化到内部宏观尺度的梯度纳米结构,强化和保护了材料表面,有效地解决了上述问题.结合国内外表面纳米化的研究结果,综述了金属材料梯度纳米材料的研究进展.首先,介绍了梯度塑性变形、物理化学沉积等表面纳米化加工技术的最新进展.其次,对梯度等轴纳米晶、梯度纳米层片和梯度纳米孪晶等多种表面纳米化材料的微观结构进行了归纳,并对最新发展的梯度纳米结构材料表层晶粒的晶体学取向等微观信息表征方法进行了系统地阐述.随后,总结了梯度纳米结构对工程材料的表面强度、塑性、强-塑匹配、加工硬化、疲劳、耐磨、腐蚀和热稳定性等性能的影响.最后展望了表面纳米化技术制备梯度纳米结构金属材料的发展趋势及工程应用所面临的挑战.  相似文献   
8.
目的:探究谷朊粉中醇溶蛋白的提取分离方法。方法:以醇溶蛋白凝沉率为评价指标,优化谷朊粉醇溶蛋白的静置凝沉工艺。进一步以优化后的静置凝沉工艺制备的醇溶蛋白为原料,研究碱液处理沸石分离醇溶蛋白组分工艺,重点考察碱液质量分数(20%,50%,80%)、加热时间(30,60,120 min)以及加热温度(30,50,70,90 ℃)对沸石分离醇溶蛋白组分的影响。结果:谷朊粉中醇溶蛋白提取率为24%,4,10,20,30 ℃下静置凝沉40 h后,醇溶蛋白凝沉率分别为16.6%,20.6%,24.0%,18.9%。显微图像表明,开始凝沉时醇溶蛋白中大小球状蛋白均出现(α-、β-、γ-醇溶蛋白),凝沉10 h后,在4,10 ℃下出现虫状醇溶蛋白(ω-醇溶蛋白),凝沉20 h后,虫状醇溶蛋白聚集体大量出现。沸石处理温度为50 ℃、KOH质量分数为20%、处理时间为120 min时醇溶蛋白分离量最大,分离量为10.336 g/kg沸石。同组空白试验所分离出的醇溶蛋白为4.730 g/kg沸石,分离最大量相较于空白试验分离量多出5.606 g/kg沸石。根据紫外最大波长分析,醇溶蛋白及其组分的最大紫外吸收波长均在288.4 nm附近。柱层析第1组分主要成分是低分子量醇溶谷蛋白,第2组分主要成分是高低分子醇溶谷蛋白和α-、β-、γ-、ω-醇溶蛋白,第3组分主要成分为低分子量醇溶谷蛋白。结论:温度对醇溶蛋白凝沉速率影响很大,沸石改性可提高所分离醇溶蛋白量,且分离量与KOH溶液质量分数及改性时间密切相关。  相似文献   
9.
In this study, laser surface treatment was applied to alter the surface texturing and chemical compositions of fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed PEEK/CF samples to improve the deficiency of inert surface of PEEK as adherend substrate. The influence of IR-laser parameters including treatment gaps, single pulse energy and pulse widths on surface properties and shear bond strength were discussed. The results indicated that surface roughness was enhanced with decreasing treatment gap or increasing pulse energy, which reached the highest value of Ra = 32.44 μm at 0.4*0.4 mm2 treatment gap and 300 mJ single pulse energy. By adjusting laser pulse width, surface wettability changed from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. After micro-second laser ablation, the texturing structure was changed and acted as mechanical interlocking effect, and therefore make the shear bond strengths improve from 3.28 to 6.42 MPa compared with the untreated groups. On the other hand, functional groups on substrate surface were activated after nano-second laser ablation, which contributes to an enhancement of shear bond strength through chemical interaction between adhesives and substrates. Therefore, our work highlights an efficient method of laser surface treatment on the adhesion property of FDM-printed substrates.  相似文献   
10.
In this study, a kind of Ni-based superalloy specially designed for additive manufacturing (AM) was investigated. Thermo-Calc simulation and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were used to determine phases and their transformation temperature. Experimental specimens were prepared by laser metal deposition (LMD) and traditional casting method. Microstructure, phase constitution and mechanical properties of the alloy were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission scanning electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile tests. The results show that this alloy contains two basic phases, γ/γ', in addition to these phases, at least two secondary phases may be present, such as MC carbides and Laves phases. Furthermore, the as-deposited alloy has finer dendrite, its mean primary dendrite arm space (PDAS) is about 30-45 μm, and the average size of γ' particles is 100-150 nm. However, the dendrite size of the as-cast alloy is much larger and its PDAS is 300-500 μm with secondary and even third dendrite arms. Correspondingly, the alloy displays different tensile behavior with different processing methods, and the as-deposited specimen shows better ultimate tensile stress (1,085.7±51.7 MPa), yield stress (697±19.5 MPa) and elongation (25.8%±2.2%) than that of the as-cast specimen. The differences in mechanical properties of the alloy are due to the different morphology and size of dendrites, γ', and Laves phase, and the segregation of elements, etc. Such important information would be helpful for alloy application as well as new alloy development.  相似文献   
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