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The study of steels which guarantee safety and reliability throughout their service life in hydrogen-rich environments has increased considerably in recent years. Their mechanical behavior in terms of hydrogen embrittlement is of utmost importance. This work aims to assess the effects of hydrogen on the tensile properties of quenched and tempered 42CrMo4 steels. Tensile tests were performed on smooth and notched specimens under different conditions: pre-charged in high pressure hydrogen gas, electrochemically pre-charged, and in-situ hydrogen charged in an acid aqueous medium. The influence of the charging methodology on the corresponding embrittlement indexes was assessed. The role of other test variables, such as the applied current density, the electrolyte composition, and the displacement rate was also studied. An important reduction of the strength was detected when notched specimens were subjected to in-situ charging. When the same tests were performed on smooth tensile specimens, the deformation results were reduced. This behavior is related to significant changes in the operative failure micromechanisms, from ductile (microvoids coalescence) in absence of hydrogen or under low hydrogen contents, to brittle (decohesion of martensite lath interfaces) under the most stringent conditions.  相似文献   
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Walnut flour (WF), a by-product of walnut oil production, is characterised by high polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and fibre contents and presents suitability for bakery products. However, when using non-traditional ingredients, it is essential to evaluate the effect on the quality properties of the final product. So, this work aimed to assess the impact of WF on the technological, physicochemical, and sensory properties of gluten-free (GF) cakes. WF was added at a flour blend (cassava (CS) and maize (MS) starches and rice flour) at 0, 10%, 15%, and 20%. The results showed that WF modified starch gelatinisation, increased amylose–lipid complex (ALC) content, and made crumbs easier to chew. Besides, the total dietary fibre (TDF) and protein content significantly increased. Cakes with 15% WF presented the highest specific volume (SV) and no differences in overall acceptability with respect to control. Hence, WF is a suitable ingredient for gluten-free bakery products.  相似文献   
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The freeze–thaw cycling damages the soil structure, and the shear performance of soil are degraded. A series of tests on lime–soil(L–S) and fiber–lime–soil(F–L–S), including freeze–thaw test, the triaxial compression test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test, were completed. The test results showed that fiber reinforcement changed the stress–strain behavior and failure pattern of soil. The cohesion and internal friction angle of soil gradually decreased with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles (F–T cycles). The pore radius and porosity of soil increased, while the micro pore volume decreased, and the small pore volume, medium pore volume and large pore volume increased, and the large pore volume had a little variation after 10 F–T cycles. The number of pores of F–L–S was less than L–S, demonstrating that the addition of fiber helped to reduce the pore volume. The interweaved fibers limited the development and the connection of cracks. By means of the spatial restraint effect of fiber on the soil and the friction action between fiber and soil, the shear performances and freeze–thaw durability of F–L–S better were than that of L–S.  相似文献   
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《Ceramics International》2022,48(11):15043-15055
This work reports magnetic permeability and ammonia gas sensing characteristics of La3+ substituted Co–Zn nano ferrites possessing chemical formula Co0.7Zn0.3LaxFe2-2xO4 (x = 0–0.1) synthesized by a sol-gel route. Refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the ferrite powders by the Rietveld technique has revealed the creation of single-phase spinel structure. The tenancy of constituent cations at tetrahedral/octahedral sites was obtained from the refinement of XRD. The crystallite sizes calculated from the W–H method vary from 20 to 24 nm. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) profiles of the ferrite samples were analyzed for the morphological details. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) patterns of the samples were obtained to test the elemental purity of the ferrites within their stoichiometry. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of the ferrite (x = 0.1) exhibits the spherical and oval shaped particles with a mean size of 20 nm. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectra were analyzed to confirm the superseding of La3+ cations at octahedral sites. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis of nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of the ferrites was performed to investigate the porous structure and to determine the surface area of the nanocrystalline ferrites. The oxidation states of the constituent ions were confirmed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The complex permeability as a function of frequency was studied to explore the effects of structural parameters on the magnetic behaviour of the ferrites. Analysis of gas sensing properties of the ferrites have proved that the Co–Zn–La ferrite with controlled La composition can be utilized as an effective ammonia gas sensing material in commercial gas sensors.  相似文献   
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《Ceramics International》2022,48(11):15525-15532
In this paper, by simulating the gas phase conditions inside the MgO–Al2O3–C refractories during continuous casting process and combining with thermodynamic analysis, as well as SEM analysis, the gas-gas and gas-solid formation of MA spinel were clarified in carbon containing refractories. Thermodynamic calculations showed that gas partial pressure of CO, O2 and Mg could meet the formation and stable existence conditions of MA spinel in MgO–Al2O3–C refractories under service environment, and nitrogen could not affect the formation of MA spinel at 1550 °C in the thermodynamic condition. The formation processes of MA spinel were analyzed experimentally under embedding carbon atmosphere. The carbon-coated alumina powders in MgO–Al2O3–C refractories prevented the direct contact between magnesia and alumina. Mg gas was formed by carbon thermal reaction, then reacted with alumina (gas-solid) and gas containing aluminum (gas-gas) to generate MA spinel. Through gas-gas or gas-solid reaction, the formation of MA spinel was effectively controlled. By means of SEM analysis, a two-layer structure with dense outer spinel layer and loose inner layer was formed in MgO–Al2O3–C refractories.  相似文献   
9.
贵金属超细丝材常用于精密电子功能器件的关键位置,但由于其加工成品尺寸微细传统技术无法准确表征超细丝材的微观精细结构。采用聚焦离子束-电子背散射衍射(FIB-EBSD)联用的超细丝材截面制样与表征方法,精确表征出了4种不同材质贵金属超细丝材的晶粒、取向、织构以及晶界等微观结构信息;而3D EBSD三维重构技术将微观结构分析实现为3D动态过程,更加直观地反应出超细丝材的真实微观结构信息。  相似文献   
10.
秦兴林 《中国矿业》2021,30(4):157-161
为研究煤的多孔介质属性及其分形特征,以山西沁水盆地西山煤田为研究对象,采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了煤表面孔隙结构特征。基于SEM图片,通过盒维数法计算得到了不同煤样表面孔隙分形维数,并分析了其影响因素。研究结果表明:煤表面具有显著的分形特征,分形理论能够较好地描述煤孔隙结构复杂程度;在本测试煤样中,不同煤样分形维数值在1.33~1.92范围内变化;变质程度、水分、埋深、坚固性系数(f值)对煤孔隙分形维数有显著影响,随Ro和埋深的增加煤体表面孔隙趋于复杂化,分形维数值不断增大;而水分和灰分的存在使得煤体表面变得相对光滑,能够减小分形维数值。分形维数是衡量煤孔隙复杂程度的有效参数,在煤矿现场瓦斯防治中,对于具有高分形维数的煤体,应该引起重视。这类煤体往往破坏程度较高,具有强吸附性,孔隙连通性差,瓦斯抽采困难,在煤炭开采过程中,容易导致煤与瓦斯突出、瓦斯涌出等灾害。  相似文献   
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