A novel multi-objective optimization method: Input values effect on responses (IVER)

In this study, a novel multi-objective optimization method based on the best effect of unique input (independent variable) values on responses (dependent variables) was proposed. The proposed method was compared with optimization using Derringer & Suich function that is still the most used. The comparison was made using the response values measured in real experiments and available in the literature. The advantages of the proposed method such as not needing the polynomial model aiming to predict the response values, no parameter selection problem, being able to offer optimum range instead of single optimum value, being suitable for use with existing experimental designs and being simple and interpretable were demonstrated as a result of comparison. It was also suggested how the proposed method will be effective according to experimental designs, and application for the users' application was presented.     

基于双向流固耦合弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器建模及动力学特性研究

利用数值方法建立了弹性环式挤压油膜阻尼器(ERSFD)的流固耦合模型,分别利用有限元方法以及有限体积法建立了弹性环和内外油膜的CFD数值模型,并进一步利用分时迭代的弱耦合方法实现了油膜以及弹性环控制方程的耦合求解,获得了内油膜的压力分布特性及弹性环的变形,并进一步识别了油膜和弹性环的动力学特性系数;研究了涡动频率、凸台数目、凸台高度、凸台宽度以及弹性环厚度对阻尼器动力学特性系数的影响。结果表明,弹性环的凸台高度对ERSFD油膜动力学特性系数的影响最为明显,ERSFD油膜阻尼与涡动频率无关。     

Individual-based multi-objective optimal structured treatment interruption for HIV infection

In this paper, based on the measurable quantities from an individual patient that has infection to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and his/her condition is near to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), individual-based multi-objective optimal treatments have been proposed. Firstly, the most effective parameters of the patient in computing Long-term non-progressor (LTNP) equilibrium are derived using global sensitivity analysis (GSA). To accomplish GSA effectively, Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) and partial rank correlation coefficients (PRCC) are utilized to rank each of the parameters based on each state of the 5-dimensional model. Then, these results are used by Dempster–Shafer (D–S) evidence theory (DSET) to rank the most effective parameters comprehensively. Now, these effective identified parameters are estimated using extended Kalman filter (EKF), which its covariance matrices are optimized based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Thus, the proposed methodology gives a calibrated model corresponding to the individual patient. Based on this calibrated model, the LTNP equilibrium related to the individual patient is derived. Using the derived individual-based LTNP equilibrium optimal structured treatment interruption (STI) strategies are extracted by defining suitable multi-objective optimization problem and solving it through using non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II). The results demonstrate that the proposed optimal treatments are able to effectively reach LTNP equilibrium with using the minimum and maximum drug usage of 3.6% and 35.1% of full drug usage treatment. Meanwhile, the different optimal treatments give the decision-makers enough flexibility to choose the suitable treatment based on existing facilities and necessities.     

Diffusion behaviors and atomic mobilities in Mg–Sc hcp and bcc alloys: Investigation via single-phase and multi-phase diffusion couples

Diffusion behaviors in Mg–Sc hcp and bcc solid solutions between 773 and 873 K were investigated using both single-phase and multi-phase diffusion couple techniques. The EPMA detected composition-distance profiles were smoothed and fitted using the error function expansion (ERFEX). The interdiffusion coefficients were extracted using Sauer–Freise integral. The interdiffusion coefficients in hcp phase showed a slightly parabolic composition dependence at the Mg-rich part and the maximum value was around 2–3 at. % Sc. However, the interdiffusion coefficients in the bcc phase monotonously decreased with the increase of solubility of Sc. The determined inter- and impurity diffusion coefficients in the hcp Mg–Sc alloys were assessed to develop the atomic mobility database, and their validity was justified by reproducing the composition profiles and diffusion fluxes obtained in this diffusion couple experiment. Meanwhile, the development of bcc atomic mobility was realized via the Maclaurin approximation, extrapolation, and optimization. The results make up for the missing data of Mg–Sc diffusion kinetics.     

养老机构公共空间需求及影响因素研究——基于Kano模型分析

运用细分后的Kano模型甄别养老机构中老年人对公共空间需求的优先度排序及其影响因素的主次排序。首先通过规范、文献研究与访谈研究获取南京市养老机构中老年群体公共空间需求要素，并将得到的需求项进行层次归属划分。接着测算SI与DI系数量化各项需求对空间满意度的影响，得出公共空间需求优先度排序。最后利用多元线性回归对需求项的影响因素进行分析，探讨“自我”和“家庭”维度下影响因素的主次排序。得出养老机构公共空间的设计应首先满足老年人医疗保健空间层面的需求且空间需求受老年人“自我”维度下失能等级的影响程度最深。通过对需求重要度的排序，可以得出设计的优先满足策略，提升空间的利用效率及老年群体的满意度，为养老机构公共空间的投入侧重点提供理论依据。     

Couple-based particle swarm optimization for short-term hydrothermal scheduling

A novel couple-based particle swarm optimization (CPSO) is presented in this paper, and applied to solve the short-term hydrothermal scheduling (STHS) problem. In CPSO, three improvements are proposed compared to the canonical particle swarm optimization, aimed at overcoming the premature convergence problem. Dynamic particle couples, a unique sub-group structure in maintaining population diversity, is adopted as the population topology, in which every two particles compose a particle couple randomly in each iteration. Based on this topology, an intersectional learning strategy using the partner learning information of last iteration is employed in every particle couple, which can automatically reveal useful history information and reduce the overly rapid evolution speed. Meanwhile, the coefficients of each particle in a particle couple are set as distinct so that the particle movement patterns can be described and controlled more precisely. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed CPSO, the algorithm is firstly tested with four multimodal benchmark functions, and then applied to solve an engineering multimodal problem known as STHS, in which two typical test systems with four different cases are tested, and the results are compared with those of other evolutionary methods published in the literature.     

Determining Stability Constants Using the AKUFVE Technique

ABSTRACT

The AKUFVE techniques were developed by Rydberg and co-workers in the 1960s. The main aim was to be able to perform a series of liquid-liquid extraction data varying one or more parameters and at the same time achieve very pure phases. As such, this technique was later used for short-lived isotope studies in the SISAK system, but also as a standalone unit for a large number of thermodynamic studies of extraction systems both for fundamental understanding as well as more applied investigations. In this paper, the apparatus with modifications made over the decades is described. In addition, studies with stability constant determinations for the zirconium-water-acetylacetone system as well as lanthanide extraction using bromodecanoic acid are exemplified to demonstrate the potential use of the technique. The results shown clearly demonstrate the versatility and ability of the AKUFVE system.     

A CCD-ADI method for two-dimensional linear and nonlinear hyperbolic telegraph equations with variable coefficients

In this paper, a combined compact finite difference method (CCD) together with alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme is developed for two-dimensional linear and nonlinear hyperbolic telegraph equations with variable coefficients. The proposed CCD-ADI method is second-order accurate in time variable and sixth-order accurate in space variable. For the linear hyperbolic equation, the CCD-ADI method is shown to be unconditionally stable by using the Von Neumann stability analysis. Numerical results for both linear and nonlinear hyperbolic equations are presented to illustrate the high accuracy of the proposed method.     

Thermodynamic modeling of gas solubility in aqueous sodium chloride solution

An electrolyte Equation of State is presented by combining the Cubic Plus Association Equation of State,Mean Spherical Approximation and the Born equation.This new model uses experimental relative static permittivity,intend to predict well the activity coefficients of individual ions (ACI) and liquid densities of aqueous solutions.This new model is applied to model water + NaCl binary system and water + gas +NaCl ternary systems.The cation/anion-water interaction parameters of are obtained by fitting the exper-imental data of ACI,mean ionic activity coefficients (MIAC) and liquid densities of water + NaCl binary system.The cation/anion-gas interaction parameters are obtained by fitting the experimental data of gas solubilities in aqueous NaCl solutions.The modeling results show that this new model can correlate well with the phase equilibrium and volumetric properties.Without gas,predictions for ACI,MIAC,and liquid densities present relative average deviations of 1.3％,3.6％ and 1.4％ compared to experimental ref-erence values.For most gas-containing systems,predictions for gas solubilities present relative average deviations lower than 7.0％.Further,the contributions of ACI,and salting effects of NaCl on gases are ana-lyzed and discussed.     

空气中激光烧蚀铝靶冲量耦合系数实验(Ⅱ)

为了研究大气条件下,正焦移距离对冲量耦合系数的影响,采用能量为15.7(16%)J 的激光脉冲聚焦于铝靶前端,通过改变激光焦点距离靶面的位置,获得了冲量耦合系数与正焦移距离的对应关系。结果表明脉冲激光在与大气环境中的铝靶相互作用时,靶面通过能量转移获得的冲量耦合系数与激光焦点距离靶面的位置呈非单调性变化。焦移距离在从0~20 mm 之间变化时,获得的冲量耦合系数从4.4810-5 Ns/J 连续下降到1.6810-5Ns/J,随着焦移距离的进一步增大,冲量耦合系数在20~35 mm 间呈缓慢上升趋势,在35 mm 处升至2.2110-5 Ns/J 后转而下降,在45 mm 处降至1.9110-5Ns/J。文中采用大气中激光支持爆轰波与固体靶面相互作用的二维模型对上述物理过程进行理论计算,获得了与实验结果较为一致的结论。