固溶-冷速-时效对TC4-DT合金力学性能的影响

本文以Ti6Al4V-DT (TC4-DT)为研究对象，分别对其进行不同方式的固溶、冷却和时效处理，利用金相显微镜、拉伸试验机研究其显微组织、强度和塑性的变化，结果表明：强度和塑性的主要影响因素为固溶温度和冷却方式。在α+β两相区和单相区固溶并在580℃时效8小时，可以分别得到双态组织和片层组织，相变点以下随着固溶温度的提高，初生α相含量明显减少，且强度和塑性在两相区固溶更优；相变点以上固溶时，冷却速率降低会使α相片层粗化，抗拉强度和屈服强度逐渐降低；在两相区固溶α相尺寸随着时效温度升高而增大，在低温时效时，由于α相的弥散强化作用使得合金强度较高。TC4-DT合金在α+β两相区860℃/1.5h固溶，550℃/8h时效处理，在空冷的状态下，可获得合金强度（1017MPa）、塑性（伸长率22%）匹配良好的综合性能。     

On amorphization as a deformation mechanism under high stresses

In this paper we review the work related to amorphization under mechanical stress. Beyond pressure, we highlight the role of deviatoric or shear stresses. We show that the most recent works make amorphization appear as a deformation mechanism in its own right, in particular under extreme conditions (shocks, deformations under high stresses, high strain-rates).     

低膨胀高温合金晶粒长大规律及对其性能的影响

本工作研究了不同热处理制度对低膨胀高温合金析出相的行为以及晶粒长大的影响。实验结果表明,在Laves相析出峰温度范围（980～990℃）保温不同时间,Laves相尺寸逐渐增大,晶粒不长大。在1000～1040℃保温1 h后Laves相开始溶解,晶粒逐渐长大至4级、3.5级、3级、2级,因此在热加工过程中为避免晶粒长大,热变形加热温度不应超过1010℃,或在1000℃变形且保温时间不应超过1 h。晶界Laves相的含量对合金性能影响较小,而合金的晶粒度对其影响较大。     

不规则建筑的自然意向

通过研究各类形式各异、有玄奥理论包装的不规则建筑类型,指出其实际上包含一种回归自然、体现人与自然的和谐共存的艺术情结。论文剖析了不规则建筑形成和流行的社会根源,归纳了地景建筑、柔体建筑和表皮建筑等不规则建筑类型及其设计手法,认为随着人类对环境和自我状态的认识深化,表现自然意象是未来建筑发展一种重要方向。     

纤维复合材料加固混凝土研发方向的讨论

从材料、设计和施工三方面提出纤维复合材料 (FRP)加固混凝土存在的若干问题。结合FRP发展情况 ,说明今后的FRP加固混凝土的研发方向是研发混杂纤维复合材料 (HFRP) ,无机胶粘剂 ,混杂加固设计 ,和施加粘结接触压 ,以取得安全、耐久和经济的加固效果。     

Theoretical and experimental study of fatigue growth of interacting cracks

Life assessment of structures weakened by interacting cracks represents an important and very challenging problem. Subsequently, the main objective of this paper is to address this problem by developing a new computational technique. It is based on the classical strip-yield model and plasticity-induced crack closure concept. It also utilises the 3D fundamental solution for an edge dislocation. The crack advance scheme adopts the cycle-by-cycle calculations of the effective stress intensity factors and crack increments. The modelling results are validated against an experimental study focusing on fatigue behaviour of two closely spaced collinear cracks in wide plates with different thicknesses. It is confirmed that non-linear effects associated with crack interaction have a significant influence on fatigue life and cannot be disregarded in life and integrity assessments of structural components.     

Inverse ductile–brittle transition in metallic glasses?

There is evidence that metallic glasses can show increased plasticity as the temperature is lowered. This behaviour is the opposite to what would be expected from phenomena such as the ductile–brittle transition in conventional alloys. Data collected for the plasticity of different metallic–glass compositions tested at room temperature and below, and at strain rates from rate 10^?5 to 10³ s^?1, are reviewed. The analogous effects of low temperature and high strain rate, as observed in conventional alloys, are examined for metallic glasses. The relevant plastic flow in metallic glasses is inhomogeneous, sharply localised in thin shear bands. The enhanced plasticity at lower temperature is attributed principally to a transition from shear on a single dominant band to shear on multiple bands. The origins of this transition and its links to shear bands operating ‘hot’ or ‘cold’ are explored. The stress drop on a shear band after initial yielding is found to be a useful parameter for analysing mechanical behaviour. Schematic failure mode maps are proposed for metallic glasses under compression and tension. Outstanding issues are identified, and design rules are considered for metallic glasses of improved plasticity.     

In situ evaluation of dynamic precipitation during plastic straining of an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

The coupling between precipitation and plasticity has been systematically investigated in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy using in situ small-angle X-ray scattering measurements during thermomechanical tests. Material pre-aged to two different initial precipitate conditions has been examined. Each pre-aged condition has been strained at 160 °C and we show that the plasticity induces an accelerated coarsening kinetics, which we characterize in terms of the evolution of the precipitate size. This acceleration is correlated with the degree of plastic strain, but does not depend markedly on strain rate. The experimental data strongly suggests that the accelerated kinetics is mainly linked with the accumulation of a supersaturation of vacancies during plastic flow that increases the effective diffusion constant.