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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(59):24843-24851
Lithium alanate (LiAlH4) is a material that can be potentially used for solid-state hydrogen storage due to its high hydrogen content (10.5 wt%). Nevertheless, a high desorption temperature, slow desorption kinetic, and irreversibility have restricted the application of LiAlH4 as a solid-state hydrogen storage material. Hence, to lower the decomposition temperature and to boost the dehydrogenation kinetic, in this study, we applied K2NiF6 as an additive to LiAlH4. The addition of K2NiF6 showed an excellent improvement of the LiAlH4 dehydrogenation properties. After adding 10 wt% K2NiF6, the initial decomposition temperature of LiAlH4 within the first two dehydrogenation steps was lowered to 90 °C and 156 °C, respectively, that is 50 °C and 27 °C lower than that of the аs-milled LiAlH4. In terms of dehydrogenation kinetics, the dehydrogenation rate of K2NiF6-doped LiAlH4 sample was significantly higher as compared to аs-milled LiAlH4. The K2NiF6-doped LiAlH4 sample can release 3.07 wt% hydrogen within 90 min, while the milled LiAlH4 merely release 0.19 wt% hydrogen during the same period. According to the Arrhenius plot, the apparent activation energies for the desorption process of K2NiF6-doped LiAlH4 are 75.0 kJ/mol for the first stage and 88.0 kJ/mol for the second stage. These activation energies are lower compared to the undoped LiAlH4. The morphology study showed that the LiAlH4 particles become smaller and less agglomerated when K2NiF6 is added. The in situ formation of new phases of AlNi and LiF during the dehydrogenation process, as well as a reduction in particle size, is believed to be essential contributors in improving the LiAlH4 dehydrogenation characteristics. 相似文献
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为精确描述非常规气藏压裂后的复杂流动特征及定量评价储层改造体积(SRV),利用自主研发的缝网重构算法“破裂树生长法”建立压后缝网模型,并以此为基础提出了使用拟稳态流动时特定的压力等值线来确定SRV范围的定量评价方法,最后以长宁201井区为例进行了矿场实例分析。该方法根据微地震监测点的位置,重构出微裂缝网的连通关系。在复杂微裂缝网的基础上建立离散裂缝地质模型并进行生产数值模拟,根据数值模拟结果的压力分布精确划定SRV的范围。利用该方法计算出长宁201井区的SRV体积为0.052 1 km3,以该缝网模型的数值模拟产量预测结果符合实际生产规律,方法实用性较好。 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(19):10777-10787
In this work, a practical numerical model with few parameters was proposed for the prediction of environmental hydrogen embrittlement. The proposed method adopts hydrogen enhanced plasticity-based mechanism in a fracture strain model to describe hydrogen embrittlement. Fracture toughness degradation of three commercial steels SA372J70, AISI4130 and X80 in high pressure hydrogen environment were investigated. Firstly, governing equations for hydrogen distribution and material damage evolution was established. Hydrogen enhanced localized flow softening effect was coupled within fracture strain dependency on stress triaxiality. Then, the numerical implementation and identification process of model parameters was described. Model parameters of the investigated steels were determined based on experiment results from literatures. Finally, with the calibrated model, fracture toughness reduction of the steels was predicted in a wide range of hydrogen pressure. The prediction results were compared with experimental results. Reasonable accuracy was reached. The proposed method is an attempt to reach balance between physical accurate prediction and engineering practicality. It is promising to provide a simplified numerical tool for the design and fit for service evaluation of hydrogen storage vessels. 相似文献
6.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(2):1889-1897
SiC fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites (SiCf-CMCs) are considered to be one of the most promising materials in the electromagnetic (EM) stealth of aero-engines, which is expected to achieve strong absorption and broad-band performance. Multiscale structural design was applied to SiCf/Si3N4–SiOC composites by construction of micro/nanoscale heterogeneous interfaces and macro double-layer impedance matching structure. SiCf/Si3N4–SiOC composites were fabricated by using SiC fibers with different conductivities and SiOC–Si3N4 matrices with gradient impedance structures to improve impedance matching effectively. Owing to its unique structure, SiCf/Si3N4–SiOC composites (A3-composites) achieved excellent EM wave absorption performance with a minimum reflection coefficient (RCmin) of ?25.1 dB at 2.45 mm and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 4.0 GHz at 2.85 mm in X-band. Moreover, double-layer SiCf/Si3N4–SiOC with an improved impedance matching structure obtained an RCmin of ?56.9 dB and an EAB of 4.2 GHz at 3.00 mm, which means it can absorb more than 90% of the EM waves in the whole X-band. The RC is less than ?8 dB at 2.6–2.8 mm from RT to 600 °C in the whole X-band, displaying excellent high-temperature absorption performance. The results provide a new design opinion for broad-band EM absorbing SiCf-CMCs at high temperatures. 相似文献
7.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(3):3669-3675
ZnAl2O4 nanocrystalline particles were prepared using the solution combustion method using a new combustion fuel, Leucine. The prepared samples' structural, microstructural–elemental composition, and optical characteristics were investigated using XRD, SEM-EDS, and UV–Visible spectroscopy. As-synthesized ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles are polycrystalline, with no secondary phases, and crystallized in a cubic - spinel structure. The polycrystalline nature of the prepared sample is due to the exothermicity of fuel and oxidizer, which demonstrate that the fuel utilized (Leucine) provided adequate energy for the production of nanoparticles in their as-synthesized form, as supported by adiabatic temperature through thermodynamic calculations. The thermodynamic calculations also include a universal method to estimate the specific heat capacity at constant pressure. Furthermore, even after 2 h of calcination at 600 °C, ZnAl2O4 exhibits a single phase with no secondary phases, indicating the material stability and single-phase nature. The crystallinity of ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles was observed to increase with increasing annealing temperature. SEM micrographs of as-synthesized samples exhibit the formation of dense particles, voids, and pores in the as-synthesized sample. In addition, tiny aggregates were detected on the surface of more prominent clusters, which reduced as the calcination progressed. In addition, calcined samples exhibit a greater optical reflectance than as-synthesized samples. Tauc's graphs were used to compute the optical energy bandgap. The calculated energy band gap is redshifted to that of the bulk material. The bandgap energy decreases upon calcination, suggesting that the prepared materials have a larger crystallite size or more crystallinity. Correlations were found between the Tad, and the structural and optical properties of the prepared samples. The findings suggest that Leucine could be used as a novel combustion fuel to produce crystalline ZnAl2O4 nanoparticles in their as-synthesis form. 相似文献
8.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(66):28585-28604
Hydrogen transportation by pipelines gradually becomes a critical engineering route in the worldwide adaptation of hydrogen as a form of clean energy. However, due to the hydrogen embrittlement effect, the compatibility of linepipe steels and associated welds with hydrogen is a major concern when designing hydrogen-carrying pipelines. When hydrogen enters the steels, their ductility, fracture resistance, and fatigue properties can be adversely altered. This paper reviews the status of several demonstration projects for natural gas-hydrogen blending and pure hydrogen transportation, the pipeline materials used and their operating parameters. This paper also compares the current standards of materials specifications for hydrogen pipeline systems from different parts of the world. The hydrogen compatibility and tolerance of varying grades of linepipe steels and the relevant testing methods for assessing the compatibility are then discussed, and the conservatism or the inadequacies of the test conditions of the current standards are pointed out for future improvement. 相似文献
9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(12):16730-16736
Recently, all-inorganic cesium lead-halide perovskites have shown their promise for light emission applications, due to the excellent optical performance. Herein, we report that the initially nonphosphorescent undoped lead-halide Cs4PbBr6 single crystals (SCs) exhibit an ultralong phosphorescence emission under X-ray excitation at low temperatures. It is shown that the dramatic change has been taken place in radioluminescence spectra and the broad-band emission gradually appeared with the decrease of temperature. Below 210 K, the radioluminescence spectra can be deconvoluted into one narrow peak located at 530 nm and two broad peaks centered at 595 nm and 672 nm respectively. Subsequently, the time-dependent radioluminescence spectra in undoped lead-halide Cs4PbBr6 SCs were investigated. The ultralong phosphorescence emission can persist over 120 min at 70 K. We consider that ultralong phosphorescence originates from defect-related emission. To the best of our knowledge, our finding is the first time that undoped Cs4PbBr6 SCs exhibit the phosphorescence emission, which will offer a paradigm to motivate revolutionary applications on perovskite. 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(48):20705-20717
Water electrolysis technologies aim to provide a significant increase in green hydrogen production efficiency. In this work, a framework was developed to explore the use of supercritical water for alkaline electrolysis. This framework was used to perform Arrhenius analysis as a function of potential, and to explore activation energies for sub- and supercritical water electrolysis. An analysis of the conductivity of solution unveiled a discontinuity in the trends between sub- and supercritical potassium hydroxide solution conductivity. Unlike prior work on supercritical water electrolysis, this work investigates trends in electrochemical parameters, the sources of these trends, and how they change between the sub- and supercritical regimes. 相似文献