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2.
In this work it is presented a study on the residence time distribution (RTD) of particles in a co-current pilot-plant spray dryer operated with a rotary atomization system. A nuclear technique is applied to investigate the RTD responses of spray dryers. The methodology is based on the injection of a radioisotope tracer in the feed stream followed by the monitoring of its concentration at the outlet stream. The experiments were performed during the drying of aqueous suspensions of gadolinium oxide. The RTD responses obtained experimentally presented good reproducibility, indicating that the technique applied is well suited to investigating fluid-dynamics of spray dryers. In addition to the experimental investigation, a mathematical model was used to describe the RTD experimental curves. 相似文献
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4.
W. Shang B. Robrahn F. Golding M. H. J. Koch 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2004,530(3):513-520
A data acquisition system for time resolved X-ray scattering experiments using linear, quadrant or area gas proportional detectors with delay line readout based on commercially available hardware (National Instruments) is described. The system can easily be configured for recording data from point detectors (e.g. photomultipliers and photodiodes) and/or ancillary data only. Applications involving measurements with two different types of time to digital converters illustrate the features and performances of the system. 相似文献
5.
Skim and whole milk powders were manufactured at lab scale by spray freeze drying (SFD), using liquid nitrogen as the cryogen. The polydispersity of droplet/particle sizes was limited using an encapsulator nozzle to atomize the feed. Particle morphology was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Samples were compared with equivalent spray-dried powders in tests of wettability and dissolution in water. The spray freeze-dried powders were found to be highly porous, with a uniform structure of pores throughout the entire particles. When tested in water, SFD skim milk powders wetted roughly three times as fast as industrially spray-dried agglomerated skim milk powders and were observed to dissolve rapidly by breaking down into smaller particles. 相似文献
6.
D. M. Suckling R. W. Peck L. M. Manning L. D. Stringer J. Cappadonna A. M. El-Sayed 《Journal of chemical ecology》2008,34(12):1602-1609
Disruption of Argentine ant trail following and reduced ability to forage (measured by bait location success) was achieved
after presentation of an oversupply of trail pheromone, (Z)-9-hexadecenal. Experiments tested single pheromone point sources and dispersion of a formulation in small field plots. Ant
walking behavior was recorded and digitized by using video tracking, before and after presentation of trail pheromone. Ants
showed changes in three parameters within seconds of treatment: (1) Ants on trails normally showed a unimodal frequency distribution
of walking track angles, but this pattern disappeared after presentation of the trail pheromone; (2) ants showed initial high
trail integrity on a range of untreated substrates from painted walls to wooden or concrete floors, but this was significantly
reduced following presentation of a point source of pheromone; (3) the number of ants in the pheromone-treated area increased
over time, as recruitment apparently exceeded departures. To test trail disruption in small outdoor plots, the trail pheromone
was formulated with carnuba wax-coated quartz laboratory sand (1 g quartz sand/0.2 g wax/1 mg pheromone). The pheromone formulation,
with a half-life of 30 h, was applied by rotary spreader at four rates (0, 2.5, 7.5, and 25 mg pheromone/m2) to 1- and 4-m2 plots in Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii. Ant counts at bait cards in treated plots were significantly reduced compared to
controls on the day of treatment, and there was a significant reduction in ant foraging for 2 days. These results show that
trail pheromone disruption of Argentine ants is possible, but a much more durable formulation is needed before nest-level
impacts can be expected.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
7.
Meng Wai Woo 《Drying Technology》2008,26(1):15-26
Current methods in alleviating the wall deposition problem in spray drying emphasize mainly controlling the stickiness of the drying particles and less attention is placed on the properties of the dryer wall. In this experimental study, the effect of wall surface properties on the deposition mechanism has been investigated. Properties considered in classifying different wall materials were surface energy, roughness, and dielectric properties. The model solution contained sucrose, representing low-molecular-weight sugars commonly encountered in spray drying of fruit and vegetable juices. The effect of wall properties on deposition was explored at different drying rates producing particles of different surface rigidity. Larger surface roughness produced higher deposition fluxes for particles with high impact velocity and moisture. Surface energy and surface roughness were found to have no significant effect for dry rigid particles at the middle and bottom elevation of the drying chamber. However, material with lower surface energy (Teflon) exhibited less deposition for rubbery particles at such elevations. Analysis shows that dielectric wall material (Teflon) tends to enhance deposition of dry particles because of attrition at the surface. Higher wall temperature was found to produce slightly more deposition. The results of this work give a general indication of the effect of wall material on the deposition problem and provide the fundamental understanding for further studies along this line. Proper selection of dryer wall material will provide potential alternatives for reducing the deposition problem. 相似文献
8.
本文介绍了磁电机点火系统的点火提前角测量原理。对点火系统的点火信号和触发信号进行采集、调理,再用单片机进行处理,最后用LabVIEW进行点火提前角数据存储和显示。 相似文献
9.
CAO Wei-feng WANG Wen-boBeijing University of Posts Telecommunications Beijing P.R. China 《中国邮电高校学报(英文版)》2005,12(4)
1IntroductionCurrently,smart antenna technology can greatly en-hance system performance and i mprove the system ca-pacity so that it has been considered as a keytechnologyinthe third generation wireless communicationsystems .The researches on channel model , beamforming algo-rithms and receive algorithms have been widely carriedout and a great many of proposition have beensubmittedtothe 3th Generation Project Partner (3GPP) . Fromthe viewpoint of link-level and system-level research,many asp… 相似文献
10.
This study investigates the relationship between the critical surface tension of wetting of celestite and agglomeration recovery as well as the zeta potential in dependence of pH and amount of collector (Na‐Oleate). For this purpose, effects of pH and collector amount on the agglomeration recovery are investigated and zeta potential measurements and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) analyses are carried out to determine the adsorption type of Na‐Oleate on celestite surface. The sessile drop technique is used for the measurement of contact angle and determination of the critical surface tension of wetting (YC) of celestite. The maximum agglomeration recovery is obtained at pH 7. The critical surface tension of wetting of celestite is very close to the surface tension of kerosene, which is 25.95 mN/m. Furthermore, at the optimum Na‐Oleate amount of 10 kg/ton, the critical surface tension of wetting of celestite is approximately equal to the surface tension of kerosene. 相似文献