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1.
In this study, some locations with different climates, off-grid zero energy buildings with hydrogen energy storage systems are designed, and transient analysis is conducted. These considered buildings supply their electricity consumption without using the electrical grid and PV panels or wind turbines. Also, they supply thermal comfort to occupants by using a vapor compression chiller and humidifier. Domestic hot water of occupants is supplied using solar collectors. For analyzing building's performance and objectives achievement, TRNSYS software is used. Also, for evaluating occupant thermal comfort, the Fanger model is used. The considered building is a one-story building with a 150 m2 area. Four occupants are considered. Both of them are seated at rest, and another is seated with light working such as typing. Using the Fanger model equation and MATLAB software, the thermal comfort of occupants is determined. For domestic hot water consumption, verified profiles that vary during 24 h of the day are considered. Achieved results show that for humid and cold cities, PV panels with an area of 73 and 76 m2 can be supplied the required electricity of considered building with four occupants and battery state of charge is higher than 50% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, with a suitable air conditioner system, the predicted percentage of dissatisfied (PPD) can be lower than 12% and 8% for humid and cold cities. Therefore, the building can be converted to a zero-energy building using its rooftop area.  相似文献   
2.
金属材料难以避免地会经常产生表面吸附与腐蚀,从而造成材料表面腐蚀失效,给生命安全与社会经济造成巨大的危害与损失,研发高效的金属表面防护涂层是一种关键技术手段。利用自由基共聚法,制备了兼具高疏水性与优异的防腐功能的有机硅-丙烯酸酯复合树脂材料。通过核磁共振氢谱、原子力显微镜、接触角以及腐蚀溶液浸泡等测试手段,对复合材料进行了化学结构、形貌及性能的测试和表征。研究结果表明:复合涂层的表面呈现典型的纳米级粗糙结构,分布着微纳米富硅储液池;复合树脂在金属表面成膜后可显示很高的疏水特性,其表面水滴的前进、后退接触角(θAθR)分别为106和94 °,优异的疏水性能使其可应用于高效油水分离;该涂层对常见液体以及脱氮假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp均显示出优异的防吸附性能,特别是该复合树脂涂层还具有良好的抗酸、碱、盐腐蚀性和机械稳定性。上述结果表明,有机硅-丙烯酸酯复合树脂涂层在诸多领域均具有较高的应用潜力。  相似文献   
3.
Owing to the high melting points and high-temperature stability, transition-metal disilicides are potential components for aerospace, automotive, and industrial engineering applications. However, unwanted oxidation known as PEST oxidation severely limits their application owing to the formation of volatile transition metal oxides, especially in the temperature range of 500–1000 °C. To overcome this problem, a new class of high-entropy disilicides, (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2V0.2W0.2)Si2, was selected by first-principles calculations and then successfully fabricated using a hot-pressing sintering technique. Furthermore, the phase evolution, thermal expansion behavior, thermal conductivity, and oxidation behavior were systematically investigated. Compared with MoSi2, (Mo0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2V0.2W0.2)Si2 possessed a lower thermal conductivity (10.9–14.7 W·m?1·K?1) at 25–1000 °C, higher thermal expansion coefficients (8.6 ± 1.3–6 K–1) at 50–1200 °C, and especially an excellent thermal stability at 500–1000 °C owing to slow diffusion and selective oxidation. This work provides a strong foundation for the synthesis and application of high-entropy disilicides.  相似文献   
4.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(20):29862-29872
Thermal shock parameters (R, R''', R'''' and Rst) of MgAlON–MgO composites obtained with additions of spent MgO–C brick were calculated using measured mechanical properties and thermal expansion coefficient, determining their resistance to fracture initiation and crack propagation. The cyclic thermal shock experiments of MgAlON–MgO composites performed from 1398 K to ambient temperature indicate that as number of thermal shock cycle increases, retained strength ratio of MgAlON and MgAlON–4.2 wt%MgO sharply decrease and then keep constant, while that of MgAlON–10.5 wt%MgO and MgAlON–15.7 wt%MgO slowly decrease. The reason for the difference is that MgAlON and MgAlON–4.2 wt%MgO show low value of R''' and R'''', and high value of R and Rst. Moreover, precipitation of impurity containing Fe may play a positive role in improvement of thermal shock resistance of MgAlON–MgO composites. MgAlON?4.2 wt%MgO has the maximum retained strength (55 MPa) even after 5 thermal shock cycles, which is expected to be used in the metallurgical industry.  相似文献   
5.
Low-thermal conductivity ceramics play an indispensable role in maximizing the efficiency and durability of hot end components. Pyrochlore, particularly zirconate pyrochlore, is currently a highly promising and widely studied candidate for its extremely low thermal conductivity. However, there are still few pyrochlores that offer both stiffness, insulation, and good thermal expansion properties. In this work, the solidification method was innovatively introduced into the preparation of titanate pyrochlore, and combined it with the compositional design of high-entropy. Through careful composition design and solidification control, the high-density and uniform elements distributed high-entropy titanate pyrochlore ceramics were successfully prepared. These samples possess high hardness (15.88 GPa) and Young’s modulus (295.5 GPa), low thermal conductivity (0.947 W·m?1·K?1), excellent thermal expansion coefficient (11.6 ×10?6/K) and an exquisite balance between stiffness and insulation (E/κ, 312.1 GPa·W?1·m·K), in which the E/κ exhibits the highest value among the current reported works.  相似文献   
6.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(1):754-759
Thermal control coatings (TCCs) are an essential part of the thermal control systems in the spacecraft. Solar absorptance and emittance are the key performance parameters of TCCs. To develop an ultra-low solar absorption and stable inorganic TCCs for surface radiator, different TCCs were prepared by co-sintering ZnO and SiO2 nanoparticles to form Zn2SiO4/SiO2 pigment in this work, and the optical properties and radiation stability were systematically studied. It is found that the coating based on composite pigment has high reflectivity in the ultraviolet band and excellent optical performance possessing the low solar absorption of 0.06. In addition, the Zn2SiO4/SiO2 coating demonstrates the highest proton and electron radiation stability because that SiO2 between Zn2SiO4 particles acts as the relaxation center of the defects caused by radiation.  相似文献   
7.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(4):5091-5099
The impact of the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanowires on the morphology, phase characteristics, contact angle, and electrochemical performance of chemically bonded phosphate ceramic coatings (CBPCs) was investigated. The chemical composition and surface morphology of the TiO2 nanoparticle and nanowire modified with and without (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetradecyl) trimethoxysilane were characterized. Results indicated that the hydrophobic –CF2– and –CF3 groups were successfully introduced into the TiO2 nanoparticles and nanowires after modification. Corrosion resistance of CBPCs with TiO2 was evidently improved compared with that without TiO2. Such improvement was mainly due to the combined effects of low surface energy materials and micro/nano structures. In addition, CBPCs with TiO2 nanowires exhibited higher hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance than those with TiO2 nanoparticles because of the special columnar structure of the nanowires.  相似文献   
8.
In view of the practical application of γ-AlON as a promising transparent structural ceramic, in-depth insight into its mechanical and thermal properties is essential. The solid-state MAS NMR technique was combined with XRD Rietveld refinement to confirm the crystal structure of Al(8+x)/3O4-xNx (x = 0.299–0.575). These structural parameters were further applied to predict hardness and elastic properties based on theoretical exploration, which are in good agreement with the experimental values. A slight enhancement of mechanical properties with increasing nitrogen concentration is attributed to the stronger chemical bond in octahedra. The experimental thermal conductivity of γ-AlON transparent ceramics was improved slightly with the rise of x in the temperature range from 298 K to 1074 K. The intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity was determined by eliminating the extrinsic phonon scattering as well as the thermal radiation. The reason for the discrepancy between experimental and intrinsic thermal conductivity was revealed. The present methods provided powerful and accessible guidelines in optimizing the mechanical and thermal properties of oxynitride materials.  相似文献   
9.
金属陶瓷物理性能与材料组分和空间组织结构密切相关,其组成相的形态分布具有分形特征。基于渗流理论和分形理论,通过对材料微观结构图像的二值化处理进行导通相分形维数计算,建立分形维数与导通相微观形貌、渗流临界指数之间的定量表征,研究Mo-ZrO2金属陶瓷全组分范围内材料微观结构与电导率和热导率之间的关系。结果表明:导通相面积分形维数随着Mo体积分数的增加而增加,电导率与分形维数遵循渗流转变特征。采用通用有效介质(GEM)方程建立基于导通相分形维数的金属陶瓷电导率和热导率模型,实现材料微观组织定量分析结果与金属陶瓷的渗流模型相结合,有效预测材料宏观物理性质的梯度变化。  相似文献   
10.
为扩展非织造布在保鲜包装材料中的应用,以具有药用价值的沙棘作为抗氧化保鲜成分原料,通过负载不同体积分数的沙棘提取物(SBT)制备罗布麻纳米纤维素/壳聚糖基水凝胶,并与聚酯非织造布复合制备复合水凝胶非织造布保鲜材料,对其阻隔性能、释放行为、抗氧化活性、抗菌性以及保鲜性能进行分析。结果表明:随着SBT体积分数的增加,复合水凝胶非织造布的阻隔性增强且抗氧化活性显著提高;在18 d的释放行为测试中,复合水凝胶非织造布在酸性条件下SBT的最大累计释放率可达67.84%,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑菌带宽度均超过1 mm,有较好的抗菌性能;添加体积分数为30% SBT的复合水凝胶非织造布综合保鲜能力最佳,可储存鲜切苹果时间最长达9 d。  相似文献   
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