新型油井水泥触变剂的研究与应用

常规油井水泥触变剂常存在触变性不够强、影响施工安全、综合性能欠佳等问题。为此，通过将合成聚合物和超细无机材料以2∶3的比例复配，开发出一种新型油井水泥触变剂BCJ-200S，研究了其应用性能。结果表明，该触变剂可显著提高水泥浆触变性，且温度影响小，90℃加入1.5% BCJ-200S后水泥静浆静置10 min的胶凝强度从2.3 Pa增加到61.0 Pa，静置前后的φ₃₀₀读数分别为206和210，再静置10 min胶凝强度为61.3 Pa，其触变结构可逆性良好，对水泥浆稠化、失水、强度等性能没有产生不良影响；其还可改善水泥石的力学性能，增强水泥石抗破坏能力；另外，配伍性研究结果表明，该触变剂具有良好的现场适应性。其在大港油田官38-22油井进行了首次应用，该井采用12 m3触变水泥浆封堵Ng2出水井段，一次封堵成功，最高挤注压力达16 MPa，钻塞后对封堵层试压8 MPa合格，解决了该井出水难题。      

Experimental study on mix proportion and fresh properties of fly ash based geopolymer for 3D concrete printing

This paper presents the material design and fresh properties of geopolymer mortar developed for 3D concrete printing application. Unlike traditional casting, in 3D printing, extruded materials are deposited layer-by-layer to build complex architectural and structural components without the need of any formwork and human intervention. Extrudability, shape retention, buildability and thixotropic open time (TOT) are identified as critical early-age properties to characterize the 3D printable geopolymer material. Five different mix designs of geopolymer are tested in a systematic experimental approach to obtain a best printable mix and later it is used to print a 60-centimeter-tall freeform structure using a concrete gantry printer to validate the formulation.     

四氨酯化合物的合成及其对液体双酚A环氧树脂的流变控制及固化性能的影响

利用羟基(-OH)和异氰酸酯基(-NCO)的简易反应合成了含4个氨酯键(-NHCOO-),两端基为十六碳烷链(-C16H33)的四氨酯化合物,并用作液体双酚A环氧的流变改性剂。利用傅里叶红外(FTIR)、差示量热扫描仪(DSC)、偏光显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM)对四氨酯化合物及其环氧复配物进行了表征分析。通过流变仪、动态力学分析仪(DMA)及万能试验机等对环氧复配物的流变性及其固化物性能进行了研究。结果表明,四氨酯化合物借助氢键作用和范德华力可在液体环氧基体中自组装形成合适及可控的分子聚集体形态,从而实现对液体环氧复配物流变性的有效控制。5%的四氨酯化合物可使环氧复配物拥有与含10%工业用气相二氧化硅(RY200)的环氧复配物一样的触变性。同时,四氨酯化合物的相变特性使其环氧复配物的流变性具有热可逆性。另外,环氧固化性能受四氨酯化合物影响较小。     

超稠油管外封窜顶水治理技术的改进与试验

曙光油田兴隆台超稠油油藏顶水发育,油水层间隔层厚度小,蒸汽吞吐后极易造成水泥环破坏引发窜槽出水。经过大量的室内实验,研制出热稳定性、触变性好的封窜剂,并对施工工艺进行改进,现场应用后能够形成有效封堵,恢复油井产能,提高了管外窜槽顶水治理技术的有效率。     

一种评价水泥浆沉降稳定性的新方法——微压力波动测试水泥浆滤失—沉降耦合作用

目前的水泥浆沉降稳定性测试方法缺乏对沉降过程的描述。为了提高水泥浆沉降稳定性测试的准确性与科学性,设计了一种微压力波动测试仪,对滤失—沉降耦合作用的水泥浆柱分段压力波动进行测试,据此评价浆体的上、下密度差,并对不同黏度、温度、降失水剂、固相颗粒和触变性的水泥浆稳定性进行了分析。研究结果表明:①水泥浆沉降过程可分为高速期、低速期、稳定期和失重期,高速期滤失可减小浆体的上、下密度差;②滤失量越大、黏度越低、同类材料水固比越大,密度差越大、沉降稳定性越差;③温度对沉降稳定性的影响因降失水剂的协同作用而呈现出无规律性,高分子聚合物类降失水剂效果强于成膜类;④提高水泥浆触变性可改善浆体的沉降分层现象,胶凝强度的形成时间越短,效果越好。结论认为,较之于常规方法,该评价水泥浆沉降稳定性的新方法,可以对沉降全过程进行描述,并考虑了滤失对沉降的影响,更加贴合于井下的实际情况。     

Stability of Freeze-Dried Tablets at Different Relative Humidities

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the stability of two different freeze-dried tablet formulations at different relative humidities (RHs). The tablets contained 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) as a model drug and were prepared by freeze-drying a suspension and an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion. Formulation A was a rapidly disintegrating tablet and consisted of 80 mg of maltodextrine DE38; 8 mg of polyethyleneglycol (PEG 6000), 8 mg of xanthan gum, and 25 mg of HCT. Formulation B was a lyophilized dry emulsion tablet that consisted of 160 mg of Miglyol^® 812, 80 mg of maltodextrin DE38, 16 mg of methylcellulose (Methocel^®) A15LV, and 25 mg of HCT. Tablets were packaged in different packing materials: polyvinylchloride (PVC)/aluminum blister packs, PVC-polyvinylidenechloride (PVDC)/aluminum blister packs, closed containers with a dessicant tablet, and open containers. The tablets were stored at three relative humidities (45%, 60%, and 85% RH) and were characterized on mechanical strength, residual moisture, porosity, content uniformity, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during a period of 6 months. After 1 month at 60% and 85% RH, a strong increase in moisture content (from 2.7% to 6.8%) was seen for the tablets packed in the open and closed containers and for the PVC/aluminum blistered tablets. This increase was higher for formulation A compared to formulation B since B contained 160 mg of triglycerides and was more hydrophobic. This increase in water content was correlated with a decrease in mechanical strength. The tablets also showed a change in microstructure and porosity. At a moisture content of 7.2%, formulation A showed a structural “collapse” since water acts as a plasticizer for the amorphous glass, lowering the glass transition temperature T_g. This phenomenon even occurred in PVC/aluminum blister packs at 85% RH. The structural collapse was associated with a complete loss of microstructure as detected by porosimetric analysis and SEM. For the PVC-PVDC/aluminum blistered tablets, the increase in moisture content and decrease in mechanical strength at 85% RH occurred much slower, and the water uptake and strength loss were less intensive. No significant breakdown of HCT could be observed in both formulations with all of the packing materials. Packaging of freeze-dried tablets with PVC/aluminum blister packs, PVC/PVDC/aluminum blister packs, or closed containers did not offer protection against moisture uptake, mechanical strength loss, and structural collapse.     

钻井堵漏用特种凝胶的流变性研究

特种凝胶是一种处理钻井恶性漏失的堵漏剂,它必须具备特殊的流变性才能满足封堵裂缝性及破碎性地层恶性漏失的要求.为此,用可控的HAAKE RS6000型流变仪锥板系统稳态测试了凝胶的流动曲线和黏度曲线,采用了多种经验本构模型拟合凝胶的流动曲线和黏度曲线,均获得了较高的相关系数.在此基础上对凝肢的黏弹性、黏温性以及触变性进行了研究.结果表明,黏弹性实验确定了凝胶的零剪切黏度数量级在102 Pa.s,且具有Burger模型蠕变回复曲线特征;通过密闭同轴旋转系统稳态测试凝胶的黏温性质确定了温度从室温上升到50℃时凝胶表现出轻微的升温增稠现象,当温度高于50℃时,凝胶的黏度温度曲线满足Arrhenius关系;用直观的触变环法测量了凝胶的触变性,凝胶的下行曲线始终低于凝胶的上行曲线,表明凝胶是一种剪切稀释流体,且随着温度升高,凝胶的剪切稀释作用有增强的趋势;凝胶的流变性足以满足解决裂缝性及破碎性地层恶性漏失的要求.     

Rheokinetic model to characterize the maturation process of gelatin solutions under shear flow

The characterization of maturing gelatin solutions in shear flow is required for an appropriate formulation of food products. Under static conditions, the maturation process of gelatin solutions may be described through a basic structural parameter evolving to the percolation value (gel point). Within the rheological framework, two asymptotic viscosities are well identified for the maturing process of gelatin solutions at the limit zero shear rate. One involves the initial solution viscosity that may be associated with the null structural parameter (the microstructure is not formed yet). The other is the percolation zero shear rate viscosity (assuming an infinite value when approaching the gel time) and corresponds to the maximum value of the structural parameter. Under flow, thixotropic theories combined with the knowledge of suspension rheology allow one to convert directly experimental data obtained as shear stress versus time for a given shear rate into the time evolution of the structural parameter. Consequently rheometric experimental data available places the search for a rheokinetic model of the structural parameter. Here, different expressions for this model are investigated, mainly those involving both the rates of structure breakdown and buildup, where the average cluster size is affected by the shear rate. The rate equation thus obtained may be then applied to arbitrary shear rate histories. Numerical results of the rheokinetic model proposed in this work fit well experimental rheometric data obtained in shear flow for the maturing of different gelatin solutions. Experimental data acquired in this work are presented and discussed in relation to those reported previously in the literature.     

聚合物微凝胶的制备及其在不饱和聚酯改性中的应用

以苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯为单体，二乙烯基苯（ＤＶＢ）为交联剂利用乳液聚合法制备出聚合物微凝胶并研究了ＤＶＢ及乳化剂用量对聚合反应的影响，将所得到的微凝胶用于增进不饱和聚酯（ＵＰ）的流变性。试验证明聚合物微凝胶对提高ＵＰ的触变指数具有良好的效果。     

贴片胶的特性与使用方法

主要介绍了丙烯酸型和环氧型贴片胶的特性和在各种施工工艺中的不同使用要求以及使用过程中出现的不良现象为对策，并简要地分析了贴片胶的未来发展趋势。