应用Voronoi随机模型研究多孔材料中波的传播特性

高孔隙率泡沫金属材料由于其较长的应力平台可以吸收较多的能量,在结构耐撞性设计中有重要的应用前景。然而,实验研究表明当高孔隙率泡沫金属材料承受强冲击载荷时,可能发生应力/力增强现象,从而对被保护结构造成较严重的损伤。采用二维Voronoi随机分布模型研究"真实"泡沫材料在不同持时的强冲击载荷作用下可能出现的力/应力增强现象。对5种不规则的泡沫金属材料计算结果表明:在强冲击载荷达到一定强度时,在泡沫金属材料中应力/力传递会出现应力/力的增强现象。     

模拟脆性材料动态裂纹扩展的非连续变形分析方法

非连续变形分析方法(DDA)属于隐式离散元法,通过引入虚拟节理可以模拟材料从连续到破坏全过程。尝试将DDA方法应用于脆性材料动态裂纹扩展问题。采用基于Voronoi多边形离散的DDA方法进行模拟。由于Voronoi多边形会存在较多短边,采用原始DDA程序计算时短边会优先发生破坏。针对该问题通过引入均布弹簧算法,在一定程度上减轻了过多短边发生破坏的问题。其次,为了能够定量分析动态裂纹扩展,提出了一套参数标定方案。该方案通过单轴压缩试验进行弹性参数标定,通过带切槽半圆盘试验进行强度参数标定。利用标定后的参数模拟的带切槽半圆盘,裂纹扩展路径与试验结果高度一致。最后,基于标定的参数,模拟了几类典型脆性材料的动态裂纹扩展问题,包括自相似裂纹扩展、裂纹分叉和紧凑拉伸试验。模拟结果表明,DDA方法能够较好地再现自相似裂纹扩展时裂纹扩展速度保持不变的规律,可以真实地模拟出脆性材料的裂纹分叉现象,并成功模拟了不同加载速度下紧凑拉伸试验中不同的破坏模式。这些算例验证了DDA方法在模拟脆性材料动态裂纹扩展问题的可行性,为后续相关应用打下了基础。     

Research on the fracture behavior of PBX under static tension

The fracture behavior of polymer-bonded explosive （PBX） seriously affects the safety and reliability of weapon system. The effects of interface debonding and initial meso-damage on the fracture behavior of PBX under quasi-static tension are studied using numerical method. A two- dimensional representative volume element （RVE） is established based on Voronoi model in which the component contents could be regulated and the particles are randomly distributed. A nonlinear damage model of polymer matrix relative to matrix depth between particles is constructed. The results show that the simulated strain-stress relation is coincident with experiment data. It is found that interface debonding leads to the nucleation and propagation of meso-cracks, and a main crack approximately perpendicular to the loading direction is generated finally. The interface debonding tends to occur in the interface perpendicular to the loading direction. There seems to be a phenomenon that strain softening and hardening alternatively appear around peak stress of stress and strain curve. It is shown that the initial damages of intragranular and interfacial cracks both decrease the modulus and failure stress, and the main crack tends to propagate toward the initial meso-cracks.     

基于保障场的装备保障力量适应配置模型

针对装备保障需求和环境的复杂不确定性特征,从相似性角度引入保障场的思维与方法,提出基于保障场势的作用范围划分方法,在此基础上构建了装备保障力量的适应性配置模型,重点从场理论中势能的角度对保障力量的适应配置进行分析。结果表明,该模型可使配置过程更具交互性和灵活性,对装备保障辅助决策具有一定参考价值和指导意义。     

3D random Voronoi grain-based models for simulation of brittle rock damage and fabric-guided micro-fracturing

A grain-based distinct element model featuring three-dimensional （3D） Voronoi tessellations （randompoly-crystals） is proposed for simulation of crack damage development in brittle rocks. The grainboundaries in poly-crystal structure produced by Voronoi tessellations can represent flaws in intact rockand allow for numerical replication of crack damage progression through initiation and propagation ofmicro-fractures along grain boundaries. The Voronoi modelling scheme has been used widely in the pastfor brittle fracture simulation of rock materials. However the difficulty of generating 3D Voronoi modelshas limited its application to two-dimensional （2D） codes. The proposed approach is implemented inNeper, an open-source engine for generation of 3D Voronoi grains, to generate block geometry files thatcan be read directly into 3DEC. A series of Unconfined Compressive Strength （UCS） tests are simulated in3DEC to verify the proposed methodology for 3D simulation of brittle fractures and to investigate therelationship between each micro-parameter and the model＇s macro-response. The possibility of numericalreplication of the classical U-shape strength curve for anisotropic rocks is also investigated innumerical UCS tests by using complex-shaped （elongated） grains that are cemented to one another alongtheir adjoining sides. A micro-parameter calibration procedure is established for 3D Voronoi models foraccurate replication of the mechanical behaviour of isotropic and anisotropic （containing a fabric） rocks.
2014 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Production and hosting byElsevier B.V. All rights reserved.     

Numerical simulation analysis and experimental validation on wear/fracture mechanisms of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride superabrasives in high-speed grinding

In this study, a two-dimensional finite element model is proposed to investigate the wear/fracture mechanisms of polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) superabrasives in high-speed grinding process. The special geometric microstructures of PCBN grains are constructed by using the classic Voronoi tessellation technique, and cohesive elements are embedded into the geometric model of PCBN grains as the potential crack propagation paths for simulating the wear/fracture behaviours of PCBN grains under grinding loads. The effects of uncut chip thickness per grain (a_gmax) on the stress distribution characteristics and wear/fracture behaviours of PCBN grains during grinding are discussed in detail. Results show that the wear behaviour of PCBN grains during grinding mainly occurs around the grain vertex region; however, the fracture behaviour, leading to the quick failure of PCBN grains, is prone to appear around the grain–filler bonding interface, which is usually on the opposite side of the in-feed direction. Moreover, to separate the PCBN grains from the macro-fracture during grinding, the uncut chip thickness per grain should be kept smaller than 1.0?µm to prevent the unfavourable fracture behaviour from appearing around the grain–filler bonding interface. Furthermore, the corresponding single-grain grinding trials are performed to validate the numerical simulation results by evaluating the wear/fracture morphologies of the PCBN superabrasives in the actual grinding operation.     

Voronoi based discrete least squares meshless method for heat conduction simulation in highly irregular geometries

A new technique is used in Discrete Least Square Meshfree(DLSM) method to remove the common existing deficiencies of meshfree methods in handling of the problems containing cracks or concave boundaries. An enhanced Discrete Least Squares Meshless method named as VDLSM(Voronoi based Discrete Least Squares Meshless) is developed in order to solve the steady-state heat conduction problem in irregular solid domains including concave boundaries or cracks. Existing meshless methods cannot estimate precisely the required unknowns in the vicinity of the above mentioned boundaries. Conducted researches are limited to domains with regular convex boundaries. To this end, the advantages of the Voronoi tessellation algorithm are implemented. The support domains of the sampling points are determined using a Voronoi tessellation algorithm. For the weight functions, a cubic spline polynomial is used based on a normalized distance variable which can provide a high degree of smoothness near those mentioned above discontinuities. Finally, Moving Least Squares(MLS) shape functions are constructed using a varitional method. This straight-forward scheme can properly estimate the unknowns(in this particular study, the temperatures at the nodal points) near and on the crack faces, crack tip or concave boundaries without need to extra backward corrective procedures, i.e. the iterative calculations for modifying the shape functions of the nodes located near or on these types of the complex boundaries. The accuracy and efficiency of the presented method are investigated by analyzing four particular examples. Obtained results from VDLSM are compared with the available analytical results or with the results of the well-known Finite Elements Method(FEM) when an analytical solution is not available. By comparisons, it is revealed that the proposed technique gives high accuracy for the solution of the steady-state heat conduction problems within cracked domains or domains with concave boundaries and at the same time possesses a high convergence rate which its accuracy is not sensitive to the arrangement of the nodal points. The novelty of this paper is the use of Voronoi concept in determining the weight functions used in the formulation of the MLS type shape functions.     

Voronoi图栅格生成算法GPU并行实现

针对矢量法生成Voronoi图计算与存储复杂的缺点,重点分析研究了Voronoi图的栅格生成方法。对不同的栅格生成算法的复杂性和效率进行了比较分析,并针对以往方法速度较慢的问题,提出一种CUDA平台下GPU并行栅格扫描的方法。该方法利用GPU的多线程特性,将各个栅格的计算分散到不同的线程中并行处理。相比其他栅格生成方法,该方法不需要考虑栅格的规模,能够以几乎线性的时间完成Voronoi图的生成,极大地提高了生成速度。     

Assessment of space division strategies for generation of adequate computational models for solid foams

The present study is concerned with a competitive assessment of different strategies for the division of space in the generation of computational models for the microstructure of solid foams for a numerical analysis of their properties. The study includes the standard (Γ‐) Voronoi procedure, the δ-Voronoi procedure, a Voronoi procedure in Laguerre geometry as well as a simple foam evolution strategy. In addition to the basic versions of the individual strategies, smoothing and optimization approaches are used for a further improvement of the generated computational models. The quality of the models is assessed in terms of two quantitative criteria where the first criterion is the Kelvin parameter whereas the second criterion is based on the error in the statistical cell size distribution compared to experimental observations reported in the literature. All strategies are applied to the simplified case of two-dimensional model foams. Nevertheless, the results can be generalized to the three-dimensional case in a straight forward manner.