稳产国Ⅵ柴油并兼产喷气燃料技术方案的工业应用

介绍了浙江石油化工有限公司新建的3 Mt/a柴油加氢精制装置，其配套使用中国石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司开发的催化剂级配技术，并实施了可根据原料供应及市场产品需求情况灵活调整切换的2种生产技术方案。1 a的安稳生产运行结果表明:该装置以直馏柴油为主原料，通过分馏塔的馏分切割及其侧线抽出，实现了稳产国Ⅵ柴油并兼产喷气燃料技术方案的工业化应用；在实施以兼产喷气燃料为主的生产技术方案时，通过调整常一线柴油的掺炼量，不仅可以生产含硫量小于10.0 μg/g的精制柴油产品，同时兼产所得到的喷气燃料产品含硫量小于0.5 μg/g，赛波特颜色号值大于30；在实施主产精制柴油组分方案时，通过掺炼质量分数为20%~40%的催化柴油，并使所提炼得到的精制柴油组分含硫量小于6.0 μg/g的前提下，这些精制柴油组分产品既可直接作为满足国Ⅵ柴油产品出厂待售，也可作为柴油调和组分储存待用于产品的进一步优化。     

A new systematic firefly algorithm for forecasting the durability of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete

This study presents a new systematic algorithm to optimize the durability of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete. The proposed algorithm integrates machine learning with a new version of the firefly algorithm called chaotic based firefly algorithm (CFA) to evolve a rational and efficient predictive model. The CFA optimizer is augmented with chaotic maps and Lévy flight to improve the firefly performance in forecasting the chloride penetrability of strengthened recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). A comprehensive and credible database of distinctive chloride migration coefficient results is used to establish the developed algorithm. A dataset composite of nine effective parameters, including concrete components and fundamental characteristics of recycled aggregate (RA), is used as input to predict the migration coefficient of strengthened RAC as output. k-fold cross validation algorithm is utilized to validate the hybrid algorithm. Three numerical benchmark analyses are applied to prove the superiority and applicability of the CFA algorithm in predicting chloride penetrability. Results show that the developed CFA approach significantly outperforms the firefly algorithm on almost tested functions and demonstrates powerful prediction. In addition, the proposed strategy can be an active tool to recognize the contradictions in the experimental results and can be especially beneficial for assessing the chloride resistance of RAC.     

Fatigue behavior and damage evolution of SiC/SiC composites under high-temperature anaerobic cyclic loading

In the present study, the fatigue behavior and damage evolution of SiC/SiC minicomposites at elevated temperatures in oxygen-free environment are investigated which are important for their application and are still unclear. The high-temperature fatigue test platform is developed and the fatigue stress-life curve and the stress-strain response are obtained. The test result shows that the life of the material at elevated temperature is shorter than that at room temperature under the same stress level. Moreover, the hysteresis loop width and the residual strain increase with the increasing of the cycles while the hysteresis modulus decreases during the fatigue cycling. The evolution process of matrix cracks is observed using the real-time remote detection system. It is found that matrix cracking is insensitive to the cyclic loading which is similar to room temperature and is due to that the degeneration of the interfacial shear stress reduces the area of high stress in matrix. The fiber/matrix interfacial shear stress under different cycles is determined based on the fatigue modulus of each hysteresis loop. The result shows a fatigue enhancement phenomenon for the interface which is not observed at room temperature.     

Laser-assisted preparation of monolithic acidic catalysts for biomass conversion

5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural (5-HMF) is a vital platform molecule from which a variety of high-value-added fine chemicals and polymerizable monomers can be prepared. The use of solid acids to catalyze the conversion of biomass into 5-HMF is environmentally friendly and economical. However, exploiting the high yield of 5-HMF in a highly concentrated reactant system is challenging. Herein, we present a laser-assisted method for preparing highly acidic monolithic acidic catalysts. A monolithic acidic catalyst based on metal Zr sheets was synthesized and used to catalytically convert 30 wt% fructose into 5-HMF (conversion rate: 96%; yield: 95%). The catalyst was immediately separated from the reaction solution by direct removal at the end of the reaction. Catalytic efficiency was largely unaffected after 10 cycles of use, and the same catalytic efficiency was observed after laser-regeneration, highlighting the potential industrial applicability of the developed catalyst.     

Study of the influence of notch radii and temperature on the probability of failure: A methodology to perform a combined assessment

The fracture assessment of notched components based on cracked components approaches leads to over‐conservative failure predictions. In the research literature, several approaches are proposed to overcome this problem using an apparent fracture toughness, . Nevertheless, most of these approaches are based on deterministic assumptions despite the large and variable scatter exhibited by for different notch radii (ρ) or temperatures (T). This paper proposes a methodology for deriving a probabilistic field including the effect of temperature on the failure of notched components. First, the theory of critical distances is applied to transform each apparent fracture toughness into the equivalent fracture toughness for ρ = 0. Then, the temperature is supposed to act as a scale effect in the Weibull cumulative distribution function of the equivalent fracture toughness, and the corresponding scale effect function is derived. Finally, the applicability of the proposed methodology is illustrated by an example using two ferritic‐pearlitic steels: S275JR and S355J2.     

蒸青绿茶浓缩液加工过程中香气成分变化研究

目的探索蒸青绿茶浓缩液加工过程中各阶段香气成分变化,优化加工工艺。方法采用顶空固相微萃取法(headspace solid-phase microextraction, HS-SPME)提取各加工阶段试样的香气成分,并用气相色谱-质谱联用法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)对其进行分析,同时对各试样进行感官评定。结果经分析鉴定,各阶段共鉴定出25种香气成分,其中醇类3种、醛类11种、酮类5种、烯类2种、其他类4种。原茶叶的香气组分以β-紫罗酮、二甲硫、D-柠檬烯、癸醛、β-环柠檬醛、己醛等为主,香气青香带栗香。浓缩灭菌后浓缩液的香气组分以芳樟醇、D-柠檬烯、癸醛、β-环柠檬醛、二甲硫、σ-杜松烯等为主,香气栗香为主带花香和青香。醇类和烯类相对含量增加,醛类、酮类和其他类香气组分相对含量降低,其中醇类增幅最大25.89%,醛类降幅最大,降低18.09%。在各香气组分中芳樟醇相对含量增加最多25.41%,其次σ-杜松烯、癸醛等,β-紫罗酮的相对含量降低最多,下降9.85%,二甲硫其次,下降5.42%。结论由原茶叶到浓缩液香气类型由青香带栗香变为栗香带青香花香,香气强度减弱,香气持久性增强。在加工过程中对浓缩液香气变化影响最显著的工艺是提取和浓缩,各香气组分相对含量的变化是浓缩液与原茶叶香气差异的主要原因。     

一种新型毛羽检测装置的设计开发

设计了一种新型毛羽检测装置,对其结构组成进行了重新设计,主要包括传动箱与传动装置、收纱框、横动装置、检测盒、预张力加压装置,以及导纱组件与伸缩组件等。与现有的纱线毛羽检测装置相比,该装置结构简单合理,操作方便快捷,不会出现缠纱现象,可适用于不同大小的纱管进行毛羽检测,检测结果精确,并且能够在检测纱线毛羽的同时检测纱线的线密度,节约纱线,减少浪费。