Plasma assists titanium nitride and surface modified titanium nitride nanoparticles from titanium scraps for magnetic properties and supercapacitor applications

Plasma methods are efficient processing for metal recovery from metal scrap, bearing minerals, electronic waste, etc. In this work, pure titanium nitride nanoparticles (TiN NPs) were synthesized from titanium scraps by the thermal plasma arc discharge (TPAD) method. TPAD synthesized TiN NPs have a highly crystalline nature with cubic and spherical morphologies with average particle sizes of 30–100 nm. Further, prepared TiN NPs involving surface modification (SM) or etching processes were investigated by using the non-thermal DC glow discharge plasma technique with air atmosphere at different processing times. SM@TiN NPs have a comparatively low crystalline, which was confirmed from the powder X-ray diffraction technique. SM@TiN NPs have very interesting core shell morphologies, which are due to the surface interactions of ionized air molecules. TiN and SM@TiN NPs have room-temperature ferromagnetic properties with high saturation magnetization (Ms) up to 2.6 and 3.0 emu/g and very high coercivity (Hc) of 235.5 Oe, respectively. TiN and SM@TiN NPs have superior energy storage performance with an outstanding specific capacitance of 192.8 and 435.1 F/g at a current density of 2 A/g with pseudocapacitive behavior. These results reveal that TiN and SM@TiN NPs have highly promising electrodes for supercapacitor applications.     

Structure,mechanical and thermal properties of Y-doped CrAlN coatings

CrAlYN coatings with different Y contents (0, 5 and 12 at.%) were deposited by cathodic arc evaporation to investigate the influence of Y-addition on the structure, mechanical and thermal properties of CrAlN coatings by using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis and nanoindentation. The structural transformation of single phase cubic Cr_0.42Al_0.58N and Cr_0.39Al_0.56Y_0.05N coatings to cubic–wurtzite mixed Cr_0.32Al_0.56Y_0.12N coating leads to a drop in hardness from (30.2±0.7) GPa of Cr_0.42Al_0.58N and (32.0±1.0) GPa of Cr_0.39Al_0.56Y_0.05N to (25.2±0.7) GPa of Cr_0.32Al_0.56Y_0.12N. The incorporation of 5 at.% Y retards the thermal decomposition of CrAlN, verified by the postponed precipitation of w-AlN and N-loss upon annealing. Correspondingly, Cr_0.39Al_0.56Y_0.05N coating consistently exhibits the highest hardness value during thermal annealing. Nevertheless, alloying with Y exerts an adverse effect on the oxidation resistance of CrAlN.     

An automated treatment planning strategy for highly noncoplanar radiotherapy arc trajectories

Radiation therapy is a technology-driven cancer treatment modality that has experienced significant advances over the last decades, due to multidisciplinary contributions that include engineering and computing. Recent technological developments allow the use of noncoplanar volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), one of the most recent photon treatment techniques, in clinical practice. In this work, an automated noncoplanar arc trajectory optimization framework designed in two modular phases is presented. First, a noncoplanar beam angle optimization algorithm is used to obtain a set of noncoplanar irradiation directions. Then, anchored in these directions, an optimization strategy is proposed to compute an optimal arc trajectory. The computational experiments considered a pool of twelve difficult head-and-neck tumor cases. It was possible to observe that, for some of these cases, the optimized noncoplanar arc trajectories led to significant treatment planning quality improvements, when compared with coplanar VMAT treatment plans. Although these experiments were done in a research environment treatment planning software (matRad), the conclusions can be of interest for a clinical setting: automated procedures can simplify the current treatment workflow, produce high-quality treatment plans, making better use of human resources and allowing for unbiased comparisons between different treatment techniques.     

直缝埋弧焊钢管焊缝点状缺陷原因分析及改进

为了解决壁厚23 mm直缝埋弧焊管出现的焊缝点状缺陷问题，通过超声波探伤和宏观金相检测对实际生产过程中出现的焊缝点状缺陷不合格试样进行了分析，对铣边坡口形状、焊接工艺参数、焊接材料、焊接设备及焊件清理等方面给出了相应的优化改进措施。现场应用效果表明:这些措施的实施有效控制了此类直缝埋弧焊管焊缝中的点状缺陷，保证了直缝埋弧焊管焊缝形貌及各项力学性能指标，提高了焊接质量。     

X70MS螺旋埋弧焊管的研制

为了开发酸性服役条件下的管线用管，通过对耐酸管硬度控制的研究、X70MS钢级卷板化学成分的设计、焊接材料的合理匹配以及焊接工艺参数的调整，研制出了X70MS钢级Φ711 mm×9.5 mm规格耐酸性埋弧焊管，并对试制钢管进行了化学成分分析、显微组织分析、硬度测试、力学性能检验以及HIC和SSC试验。试验结果显示，焊管管体屈服强度为489～555 MPa、抗拉强度为597～607 MPa，焊缝抗拉强度为667～679 MPa，管体和焊缝硬度均小于250HV10，0 ℃下母材冲击功大于226 J，焊缝单个冲击功大于169 J；母材、焊缝和热影响区裂纹敏感率（CSR）、裂纹长度率（CLR）、裂纹厚度率（CTR）均为零；在72%SMYS、80%SMYS和90%SMYS三种载荷下SSC试样的拉伸面在10倍显微镜下均未发现断裂。试制结果表明，X70MS管材表现出良好的力学性能和耐酸性, 各项性能满足API SPEC 5L标准要求。     

Design and characteristics of a new type laminar plasma torch for materials processing

Laminar plasma jet(LPJ) generated by laminar plasma torch(LPT) has a favorable temperature and velocity distribution. Thus, it is superior to the turbulent plasma jet in material processing.However, most of the reported LPTs usually operate at a relatively low output power with a relatively low arc voltage and thermal efficiency, which limits its capabilities. In this context, this paper attempts to design a new type of high-power LPT with a relatively low arc current and a high thermal efficiency. In the first section, the design principle of the main components is studied and discussed in detail, and a new high-power LPT is proposed. Then, the experimental characteristics of the proposed high-power LPT are examined. Experimental results reveal the following characteristics of the proposed LPT.(1) The max jet length of the proposed LPT reaches at 540 mm.(2) Its mean arc voltage is higher than 290 V when the LPT works with arc currents lower than 200 A, leading to an output power greater than 50 kW.(3) The mean thermal efficiency is higher than 50%. Lastly, the proposed LPT has been applied to spheroidize the aluminum oxide powers. The experiment results for the production of spherical powders show that the proposed LPT has a good characteristic for material processing.     

H13钢等离子堆焊Ni60A/Cr3C2覆层的磨损及热疲劳性能

采用等离子堆焊技术在H13钢基体表面上制备了Ni60A/Cr₃C₂堆焊覆层,研究了覆层的磨损行为和热疲劳性能。在600 ℃下销盘试验的结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层的耐磨性是Ni60A堆焊覆层的2.8倍和基材H13钢的11.6倍。镍基覆层可以显著降低H13钢的摩擦因数,加入碳化铬则会削弱覆层的摩擦性能。随着磨损的进行,主要磨损机理从氧化磨损演变为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。在800 ℃到室温下的热疲劳测试结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层在48个热循环后疲劳裂纹达到200 μm,早于镍基覆层的62次。这说明高温氧化促进热疲劳裂纹的产生。碳化铬增强相从镍基上剥离,导致镍基复合覆层热疲劳性能下降。     

X80钢JCOE制管过程应变强化规律及其影响因素研究

为了探究X80钢制管过程中应变强化规律及其影响因素，采用厚度22 mm不同厂家生产的6种X80热轧钢板，以相同的JCOE制管工艺生产出 Φ1 219 mm×22 mm规格钢管，并对6种钢板的拉伸性能以及钢板、钢管拉伸性能差异进行了检测。根据检测结果，从化学成分、显微组织等方面分析了制管前后拉伸性能变化的影响因素。分析结果显示，X80钢制管后屈服强度、屈强比有较大幅度的升高，不同材料的升高幅度不同。研究表明，拉伸性能的变化与合金成分无明显的规律，主要与显微组织有关。     

埋弧焊数字焊机现场应用及其配套控制改造

随着信息化技术的发展和应用，数字焊接设备和焊接技术取得了长足的进步，介绍了林肯Power Wave埋弧焊数字焊机在直缝埋弧焊管生产线的应用，在此基础上简述了数字焊机组网技术、弧压反馈检测环境搭建、数字焊机与PLC集成控制改造，重点介绍了林肯Power Wave数字焊机的直流并联、交流串联技术应用，为我国数字焊机的现场应用提供一定的参考。