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1.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(2):101106
This study investigates three aspects of the dynamic response of earth-core rockfill dams (ECRDs) under earthquake loadings, including induced shear strain, increased fundamental period, and shear modulus reduction. A database of the recorded ground motions of ECRD cases in Japan is analyzed to carry out this study. The required response parameters as mentioned above are extracted by analyzing the acceleration time histories recorded at the dams’ crests and foundations. Subsequently, statistical analyses are performed to achieve the objectives of this study. A graph is developed describing the change in the dam’s fundamental period with the induced shear strain, and it is observed that the increase of the dam’s period is dependent on the increase in the shear strain levels. A relationship is established to estimate the anticipated levels of shear strain from the intensity measure (IM) of the earthquake signals. In the proposed predictive relationship, a new IM is used that can adequately characterize the severity of an earthquake. Finally, a curve and a range are suggested for the average shear modulus degradation of the ECRD’s core materials. The presented empirical graphs and relationships in this study are valuable tools to obtain an appropriate perception of dams’ nonlinear behaviour under strong earthquake excitations.  相似文献   
2.
李莉峰  刘晓辉 《中国酿造》2022,41(6):190-194
为了适应发酵蔬菜生产企业菌种保藏,本试验探讨乳酸菌培养基质的灭菌时间,并在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法优化改良MRS培养基配方。结果表明,乳酸菌培养基质白菜帮颗粒灭菌时间为9 min,改良MRS培养基最佳配方为:白菜帮颗粒25 g/L、蛋白胨9 g/L、牛肉膏8 g/L、葡萄糖14 g/L、柠檬酸三铵2 g/L、酵母膏5 g/L、乙酸钠2 g/L、K2HPO4 2 g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.58 g/L、MnSO4·4H2O 0.25 g/L。在优化培养基条件下,副干酪乳杆菌的菌数为1.19×1010 CFU/mL。1~4 ℃冷藏可保藏3~4年,-16~-20 ℃冷冻可保藏4~5年。此保藏方法操作简单、成本低,菌种质量稳定可靠,适合蔬菜发酵企业保藏生产用乳酸菌菌种。  相似文献   
3.
Biosurfactants are produced by important types of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi and have been used in a variety of industries. Among the 15 crude oil-degrading fungi, the two molds and one yeast were identified by 18S rDNA sequences as Mucor circinelloides strain SKMC, Fusarium fujikuroi strain DB2, and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa strain SKF2. These strains were isolated from crude oil–contaminated soil, diesel oil–contaminated soil, and activated sludge in the Oil Refinery Plant in Isfahan, Iran, respectively. The yeast strain was identified as a novel crude oil–degrading and biosurfactant-producing fungi in the presence of (1% v/v) Iranian light crude oil in the minimal salt medium (MSM). The highest amount of the dry weight of produced biosurfactant was measured at 6.2 g L−1. Chemical nature of produced biosurfactant was determined as a surface-active sophorolipid biosurfactant compound by thin-layer chromatography, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. The residual hydrocarbons in the MSM were analyzed by GC–MS, and it was shown that octadecane and docosane were eliminated by this novel strain completely.  相似文献   
4.
采用空心包体(HI)应变计进行了首次断裂带岩体应力监测试验。在深埋隧洞施工开挖期,选择合适部位进行了大直径钻孔,利用对中装置、采用水泥净浆灌浆方式将HI应变计埋设在钻孔孔深24 m部位,建立了基于惠斯通电桥半桥测量的云监测系统。确定了只采用水泥净浆和HI材料弹性参数进行修正系数计算,通过分析监测数据规律确定应变计算初始时间后进行了三维应力增量计算。结果显示:以2021年9月16日为初始计算日期、在时段4和时段5期间的应力增量计算结果的第一主应力(σ1)的范围为10.3~15.0 MPa,方向为缓倾角W向;第二主应力(σ2)的范围为3.1~4.6 MPa,方向为陡倾角NEE至SEE向;第三主应力(σ3)的变动范围为0.2~1.8 MPa,方向为缓倾角近S向;最大水平主应力(σH)和最小水平主应力(σh)分量的变动范围分别为10.1~13.9 MPa和0.2~1.8 MPa,最大水平主应力方向(αH)为近EW向。结果讨论显示:通过监测数据规律分析确定的计算初始时间更具合理性;HI应变计应力监测受多因素影响,包括开挖应力扰动影响和一次监测洞段的应力和变形调整影响;本试验所得最大水平主应力量级及其方向与已有地应力试验结果接近,监测结果反映龙蟠-乔后断裂带的应力场特征。  相似文献   
5.
为研究软、硬两种煤样的疲劳损伤差异性,采用等幅三角波循环加卸载方式进行循环载荷试验,通过对比分析两种煤样的力学特性和声发射参量的差异,揭示软、硬煤样的疲劳损伤机制。试验结果表明:循环载荷下,软煤煤样出现连续的滞回环,硬煤煤样的滞回环基本重合。声发射参量均表现出明显的循环特性,整个试验过程中,硬煤煤样的峰值振铃数相当,软煤煤样呈现“先稳定后依次降低”的规律;硬煤煤样的声发射累计能量和撞击数呈“阶梯状直线上升”趋势,而软煤煤样出现明显的“转折点”。声发射参量的动态变化表明循环载荷下软、硬煤样的损伤演化过程存在明显差异,进而为不同煤体破裂机理研究及煤岩动力灾害的预测和防治提供指导依据。  相似文献   
6.
In this work, a practical numerical model with few parameters was proposed for the prediction of environmental hydrogen embrittlement. The proposed method adopts hydrogen enhanced plasticity-based mechanism in a fracture strain model to describe hydrogen embrittlement. Fracture toughness degradation of three commercial steels SA372J70, AISI4130 and X80 in high pressure hydrogen environment were investigated. Firstly, governing equations for hydrogen distribution and material damage evolution was established. Hydrogen enhanced localized flow softening effect was coupled within fracture strain dependency on stress triaxiality. Then, the numerical implementation and identification process of model parameters was described. Model parameters of the investigated steels were determined based on experiment results from literatures. Finally, with the calibrated model, fracture toughness reduction of the steels was predicted in a wide range of hydrogen pressure. The prediction results were compared with experimental results. Reasonable accuracy was reached. The proposed method is an attempt to reach balance between physical accurate prediction and engineering practicality. It is promising to provide a simplified numerical tool for the design and fit for service evaluation of hydrogen storage vessels.  相似文献   
7.
The influences of the SiC infiltration and coating on the compressive mechanical behaviours of 2D C/SiC composites were determined up to 1600 °C at 0.001 and 1000/s strain rates in argon and air. In addition, the failure mechanisms responsible for the compressive mechanical behaviours were elucidated through in-situ observation and micro-analysis-based methods. The 2D C/SiC composite compressive strength was highly sensitive to temperature, loading rate, and oxidation, and was enhanced by the change in the thermal residual stress and decreased by oxidation. In argon, because of the extra infiltrated SiC matrix, SiC treated 2D C/SiC specimens exhibited higher compressive strengths and lower strain rate sensitivity factors than SiC untreated 2D C/SiC specimens. The SiC coating effectively improved the oxidation resistance of the 2D C/SiC composites in air, regardless of the temperature, strain rate, and oxidative damage-which depends on SiC coating, strain rate, and temperature.  相似文献   
8.
为了提高智能化光纤复合架空线路态势感知的实时性,将人工神经网络方法应用于光纤沿线应变解调,确定了神经网络的结构。编程实现了基于洛伦兹模型的最小二乘谱拟合方法和神经网络方法,采用不同信噪比和布里渊频移的布里渊谱训练神经网络,将它们应用于某光纤复合架空线路沿线光纤应变的测量,从不同角度比较了两种方法的计算结果。计算结果表明,神经网络方法能有效获得光纤沿线的布里渊频移进而获得应变,具有与谱拟合方法相似的准确性,但应变解调时间仅约为谱拟合方法的1/20000。研究结果为提高智能光纤复合架空线路态势感知的实时性提供了参考。  相似文献   
9.
针对导管架平台应变传感器无法覆盖所有结构关键位置的现状,提出一种基于结构多尺度模拟的应变传感器优化布置方法。利用管单元和梁单元建立导管架平台宏观有限元模型,并基于静力分析确定结构的关键区域。建立关键区域的三维实体有限元模型,采用多点约束方法进行梁单元与实体单元的耦合,完成结构多尺度建模。对多尺度模型进行力学分析,确定应变传感器在关键区域的具体布置位置。以南海陆丰13-1导管架平台为对象,基于所提方法确定应变传感器的安装位置,从而为海洋平台应变监测传感器的布置方案提供科学的参考。  相似文献   
10.
张杰文  赵旭 《煤炭技术》2022,(1):97-100
为了研究剪切屈服后煤层顶板岩体在开采过程中渗透率的演化规律,进行了不同轴向应变下的围压循环加卸载渗透试验。当达到峰后轴向应力的90%时开始循环加卸载围压,分析剪切屈服后砂岩渗透率随围压、轴向应变的变化规律。结果表明:(1)随着围压、轴向应变的增大,砂岩的渗透率均呈现降低趋势;(2)随循环次数的增多,围压对渗透率的影响越来越小,渗透率恢复率升高;(3)随着轴向应变的增大,砂岩产生的塑性变形越大,由此围压对渗透率的影响减小,渗透率恢复到初始值的能力降低。最终得到剪切屈服后围压和渗透率的理论关系式,为预测巷道开挖过程中的涌水量提供一定的参考。  相似文献   
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