夹杂物对工程机械用钢Q345FCA疲劳寿命的影响

采用QBWP-6000J型简支梁旋转弯曲疲劳试验机测定了高疲劳寿命工程机械用钢Q345FCA的疲劳寿命;采用扫描电镜(SEM)对疲劳断口形貌进行了观察,并用附带的能谱仪(EDS)寻找断口上的夹杂物;借助夹杂物自动分析系统对钢中的夹杂物进行了分析。通过对试验数据的分析,计算得出了Q345FCA钢和Q345钢夹杂物的表面临界尺寸、次表面临界尺寸和内部临界尺寸。结果表明,Q345FCA钢的疲劳极限为273 MPa,Q345钢的疲劳极限为266 MPa。Q345FCA钢和Q345钢中夹杂物尺寸均小于临界夹杂物尺寸,且断口形貌显示所有疲劳断裂均不是由夹杂物所引起,夹杂物不是疲劳源。     

镁对非调质钢中组织及硫化物的影响

摘要：为了探究不同镁含量对非调质钢中组织和硫化物形态、尺寸、分布及成分的影响，采用蔡司金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、小样电解等方法，分析了经高温电阻炉冶炼不同镁添加量的49MnVS3非调质钢。结果表明，由于镁蒸气压较高，在实验室冶炼中大量挥发，导致钢中镁的实际平均收得率仅为310%；镁的质量分数为0～22×10-6时，随着镁的质量分数的增加，钢中硫化物形态由Ⅱ类逐渐向Ⅰ类、Ⅲ类转变；钢中硫化物尺寸增大，硫化物的分布均匀性得到显著改善；钢中复合夹杂物比例明显增加，但MnS的比例出现下降；形成了细小弥散的氧化物，增加了奥氏体形核质点，具有细化组织的趋势。     

模铸用高铝质流钢砖的显微结构分析

选取市场上模铸用高铝质流钢砖与用后残砖作为研究对象,通过检测不同高铝质流钢砖的理化性能,对比其使用前后的显微结构变化,进一步探讨模铸过程中高铝质流钢砖的显微结构对钢铁产品质量的影响。结果表明:由于显气孔率较大、结构比较疏松、烧结不致密等特性,高铝质流钢砖在经受钢水冲刷时,钢水容易渗透至高铝质流钢砖内部,加速其损毁;其次,高铝质流钢砖与钢水发生物理化学反应后在其表面生成低熔点物,使钢水中产生夹杂物,影响钢铁产品的质量。     

Effect of non-metallic inclusions on butterfly wing initiation,crack formation,and spall geometry in bearing steels

Non-metallic inclusions such as sulfides and oxides are byproducts of the bearing steel manufacturing process. Stress concentrations due to such inclusions can originate cracks that lead to final failure. This paper proposes a model to simulate subsurface crack formation in bearing steel from butterfly-wing origination around non-metallic inclusions until final failure. A 2D finite element model was developed to obtain the stress distribution in a domain subjected to Hertzian loading with an embedded non-metallic inclusion. Continuum Damage Mechanics (CDM) was used to introduce a new variable called Butterfly Formation Index (BFI) that manifests the dependence of wing formation on depth. The value of critical damage inside the butterfly wings was obtained experimentally and was used to simulate damage evolution. Voronoi tessellation was used to develop the FEM domains to capture the effect of microstructural randomness on butterfly wing formation, crack initiation and crack propagation. Then, the effects of different inclusion characteristics such as size, depth, and stiffness on RCF life are studied. The results show that stiffness of an inclusion and its location have a significant effect on the RCF life: stiffer inclusions and inclusions located at the depth of maximum shear stress reversal are more detrimental to the RCF life. Stress concentrations are not significantly affected by inclusion size for the cases investigated; however, a stereology study showed that larger inclusions have a higher chance to be located at the critical depth and cause failure. Crack maps were recorded and compared to spall geometries observed experimentally. The results show that crack initiation locations and final spall shapes are similar to what has been observed in failed bearings.     

AISI8630钢泥浆泵排出缸失效分析及工艺改进

针对AISI8630钢锻件在实际生产中出现的锻造失效问题进行了研究。采用"EAF→LF→VD→铸锭"工艺冶炼AISI8630钢锭,钢锭锻造成泥浆泵锻件,经热处理加工后探伤发现密集性缺陷。通过化学成分、低倍分析和金相显微分析,对产生的缺陷进行分析研究。结果表明:宏观检测受检面有许多裂纹,将裂纹打开,发现断口存在明显的白点缺陷;近裂纹附近有灰色硫化物夹杂,存在明显的组织偏析现象,远离裂纹处的金相组织无明显差异。通过加强冶炼过程控制,对钢锭进行锻前消氢、消应力退火及锻后250℃以下缓冷处理等工艺优化,避免了白点缺陷的形成,并经现场验证得到合格产品。     

铝热还原制备高钛铁脱氧性能的研究

炉外铝热反应制备的高钛铁合金由于Al、O含量高，不能直接用于钢水精炼过程。本文研究了高铝高钛铁在钢液精炼过程中的热力学，以及高钛铁中铝和铁含量对钢液精炼过程的影响。结果表明：采用Ti和Al作为复合脱氧剂，在1873K当钢水中的aTi/aAl大于8时，脱氧产物为Ti2O3；但事实上，只有当液态钢中的aTi/aAl值高于10时，Ti2O3才会作为脱氧产物沉淀。采用高铝高钛铁作为脱氧剂，钢水中铝和钛的含量可以满足相关钢的成分要求。随着高钛铁含量的增加，精炼后的铸钢中夹杂物由硅酸盐转变为Ti-Al-Mn复合夹杂物；同时，在这些夹杂物周围形成径向针状铁素体，细化了钢的微观结构。实际系统中的aTi/aAl值为17.78（> 8），与理论结果一致。当钢液中的氧含量高时，控制钢水中aTi/aAl的值是至关重要的。