Making reusable reaction-bonded silicon nitride crucibles for silicon casting from kerf-loss silicon waste

Silicon kerf loss during wafer slicing and the broken quartz crucibles after silicon casting are two major solid wastes from photovoltaic (PV) industry. Especially, the recycle of kerf-loss silicon has become an urgent issue because near 100 000 t of solid wastes are generated every year. One of the most meaningful recycle routes of the kerf-loss silicon is to make silicon nitride crucibles to replace the quartz crucibles. In this study, we demonstrated how this is feasible through acid leaching refining, slip casting, and nitridation. The reaction-bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) crucibles after oxidation were found pure enough for silicon ingot growth. More importantly, they could be reused after ingot growth. With the present examples, the potential of using the kerf-loss silicon for fine ceramics is prominent.     

百吨级支承辊大型钢锭浇铸工艺实践与研究

支承辊应具备以下性能:(1)高的抗接触疲劳强度和抗剥落性;(2)足够的硬度和耐磨性;(3)足够的硬化层和过渡层深度;(4)良好的冶金质量保证使用可靠性。这些冶金质量主要包括控制稳定的化学成分、低含量的残余元素、极低含量的气体、较低的夹杂物含量和良好的夹杂物类型、优良的铸锭表面质量和内部质量。     

Mechanism of heterogeneous distribution of Cr-containing dispersoids in DC casting 7475 aluminum alloy

The actual effective partition coefficients of Mg and Cr in a cross-section of a dendrite arm in a direct-chill (DC)-casting ingot of 7475 aluminum alloy are obtained. Meanwhile, by analyzing the microstructure, the mechanism of the heterogeneous distribution of E (Al₁₈Mg₃Cr₂) dispersoids in this DC ingot is revealed. The results show that the actual effective partition coefficients of Mg and Cr are 0.650 and 1.392, respectively, and they describe the heterogeneous distributions of Mg and Cr along the direction of radius of the cross-section of the dendrite arm of the alloy. After homogenization treatment at 470 °C for 24 h, Mg diffuses uniformly, but Cr hardly diffuses. Both the concentrations of Mg and Cr and the sites of heterogeneous nucleation in the alloy are the determinants of the formation of E dispersoids simultaneously. The heat treatment at 250 °C for 72 h provides a large number of the sites of heterogeneous nucleation of the formation of fine E dispersoids that will be formed in the center of the cross-section during the subsequent heat treatment at higher temperature.     

过热度对12Cr2Mo1R大扁锭凝固过程中心宏观偏析的影响

基于体积平均的两相数学模型,耦合求解温度场、流场和浓度场,模拟计算过热度对12Cr2Mo1R大扁锭凝固过程碳元素宏观偏析的影响。本模型将钢液密度设为依赖于温度和溶质浓度的函数。因而,可以综合考虑温度梯度、浓度梯度以及体积收缩等因素对钢液流动的作用,能够更加精确地预测凝固过程溶质元素分布。本次实验研究了过热度对凝固前沿温度梯度、凝固速率和钢液流动速率影响规律,以及最终碳元素宏观偏析情况。模拟结果表明:过热度的增加导致铸件表面区域凝固前沿温度梯度升高,而对中心线区域凝固前沿温度梯度的影响不显著;过热度对铸锭凝固速率的影响很小。此外,过热度的增加使得钢液流动速度相应增加,并使得固液两相区宽度相应的减小。铸锭凝固过程中碳元素宏观中心偏析总体表现为:当过热度40℃时,增加过热度对加剧铸锭中心偏析不显著;然而,当过热度40℃时,提高过热度使得铸锭中心偏析急剧恶化。     

5059铝合金的铸态及均匀化组织

用万能材料试验机对合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率进行测试,借助光学金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察合金均匀化热处理前后显微组织和成分变化,探索5059铝合金铸锭的最佳均匀化热处理工艺。结果表明,随着合金均匀化温度的提高,低熔点第二相快速溶解,但在480℃时均匀化时合金基体中出现过烧组织;均匀化温度为460℃时,保温24 h后,原铸态合金中β相较大程度地溶回到基体,同时不均匀组织和枝晶网状组织基本消除,继续延长保温时间,合金的组织没有明显变化,因此5059合金的最佳均匀化热处理工艺为460℃×24 h。     

铝合金铸锭挤压前预热技术的发展与进步—永磁加热器的特点及应用

简略介绍了铝合金铸锭挤压前加热技术的发展概况,着重论述了永磁加热器的工作原理、主要组成、技术参数及加热性能。经生产实践和测试证明,铝锭永磁感应加热器加热法是铝锭挤压前预热的一种先进可行的方法,具有节能、环保、高效益等一系列优点,适合于在铝及其他有色金属铸锭在挤压前预热工序使用。     

40Cr冷镦钢盘条锭型偏析原因分析

通过成分线扫描、硬度测量、金相组织检验等方法,对鞍钢生产的40Cr冷镦钢盘条产生的锭型偏析缺陷成因进行了分析。线扫描结果显示,盘条Mn、Si、P、S、Cr元素分布均匀,C元素分布不均;盘条锭型区域硬度值最高,珠光体较多,C元素富集。试验结果表明,盘条C元素分布不均是导致锭型偏析的主要原因。     

银基钎料铸锭微区成分及组织的变化规律

钎料铸锭成分均匀性及组织形态是钎料成形的初始条件,对钎料塑性加工性能及加工后组织有重大的影响. 通过OM,SEM和EDS等分析测试手段,研究了BAg30CuZnSn钎料铸锭的微区成分变化规律. 结果表明,BAg30CuZnSn钎料铸锭中,沿径向由外向内方向,Ag元素含量逐渐降低,Cu,Zn元素含量逐渐升高. 冒口处,由下到上,Ag元素含量逐渐降低,Cu,Zn元素含量逐渐升高. 成分的变化导致铸锭组织发生变化,从铸锭外部到中心部位,晶粒尺寸逐渐粗大,呈现出由最初的随机分布转向成簇分布. 铸锭中心位置出现Ag元素含量较高的枝晶,为银的富集相.     

凝固速度对Ni47Ti44Nb9铸态合金组织和织构的影响

对比研究了Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉合金快冷铸锭和慢冷铸锭的宏、微观组织和织构特点,分析了凝固速度对组织和织构的影响机理。采用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了微观组织,采用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了织构。结果表明,铸态Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉合金具有<113>方向的择优生长取向;凝固速度对Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉合金铸态组织和织构的形成具有重要影响,快速冷却条件下获得均匀的树枝晶组织,铸锭的横、纵截面均形成{113}织构,慢速冷却条件下形成具有特定方向的柱状树枝晶,纵截面织构以{113}<361>、{113}<332>和{113}<141>为主;凝固过程中热量方向性传导造成的树枝晶定向生长是影响合金铸态组织和织构形成的主要原因。     

Incipient melting phase and its dissolution kinetics for a new superalloy

Based on XRD, SEM and EDS analyses, the phases in GH4151 alloy were identified. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiment and metallographic method were carried out to determine the incipient melting temperature (IMT) of the alloy. The result shows that the IMT of alloy is situated between 1150 and 1160 °C. Subsequently, the dissolution process of Laves phase was carried out, and the dissolution kinetic equations were obtained at different temperatures. And then based on the verification of experiments, the model was confirmed to be credible to predict the fraction of the Laves phase dissolution. Finally, the results of diffusion coefficients indicate that the diffusion of Nb element is a critical factor for homogenization process of GH4151 alloy.