增塑熔纺聚丙烯腈纤维的预氧化过程

以增塑熔纺聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维为研究对象,借助于傅里叶变换红外光谱对其结构以及预氧化过程中官能团的变化进行了分析研究,并进一步研究了预氧化温度和时间对反应程度的影响。研究结果表明:熔纺PAN纤维在纺丝过程中已发生了部分环化,其环化度为0.18;反应程度随着预氧化温度的升高逐渐增大,但在230℃之后变化不明显;预氧化时间对预氧丝的反应程度具有类似的影响,在预氧化20 min时反应程度迅速增大,但进一步延长预氧化时间,预氧丝的反应程度增幅较小。     

聚合物纳米纤维技术与快速拓展的市场

介绍了聚合物纳米纤维技术与市场现状,重点论述了采用电喷法、强力纺、双组分熔融纺制备纳米纤维产品的技术特点,并对国内聚合物纳米纤维发展情况作了简要介绍。     

快淬速度对Nd10Fe81Co3B6薄带微结构及磁性能的影响

研究了快淬速度对熔体快淬法制备Nd10Fe81Co3B6薄带微结构及磁性能的影响。结果表明,随着快淬速度的增加,薄带中非晶相含量增加。快淬薄带在800 ℃晶化处理10 min后,15 m/s淬速的薄带基本由粒径大于50 nm的Nd2(Fe,Co)14B与粒径小于25 nm的Fe7Co3相组成,两相交换耦合作用较弱,而50 m/s淬速的薄带中仍含有大量的非晶相,使得薄带的剩磁减小,但矫顽力没有明显降低;35 m/s淬速的薄带退火后晶化完好,两相交换耦合作用最好,矫顽力达到249 928 A/m,剩磁达到84.3 A·m2/kg。不同快淬速度薄带中主相Nd2(Fe,Co)14B的居里温度基本相同,约为630 K。     

Structures and electrochemical performances of La_(0.75-x)Zr_xMg_(0.25)Ni_(3.2)Co_(0.2)Al_(0.1) (x=0-0.2) electrode alloys prepared by melt spinning

The La-Mg-Ni system A2B7-type electrode alloys with nominal composition La0.75-xZrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1(x=0,0.05, 0.1,0.15,0.2)were prepared by casting and melt-spinning.The influences of melt spinning on the electrochemical performances as well as the structures of the alloys were investigated.The results obtained by XRD,SEM and TEM show that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure,consisting of two main phases(La,Mg)Ni3 and LaNi5 as well as a residual phase LaNi2.The melt spinning leads to an obvious increase of the LaNi5 phase and a decrease of the(La,Mg)Ni3 phase in the alloys.The results of the electrochemical measurement indicate that the discharge capacity of the alloys(x≤0.1)first increases and then decreases with the increase of spinning rate,whereas for x0.1,the discharge capacity of the alloys monotonously falls.The melt spinning slightly impairs the activation capability of the alloys,but it significantly enhances the cycle stability of the alloys.     

Development and characterizations of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolide acid (PGA) monofilaments for acupoint catgut embedding therapy applications

Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA) and polyglycolide acid (PGA) are known for good biocompatibility. These features have resulted into significant academic and industrial research interest in various areas. However, in the acupoint catgut embedding therapy field, the existing PLA and PGA can't satisfy usage requirements due to their poor properties. This work designed novel melt-spinning system to produce different PLA and PGA monofilaments, and effects of spinning conditions on their comprehensive performances were characterized. The results showed that samples had the smooth surfaces and diameters decreased with spinning parameters. PLA-2 (Strength = 78.63 cN; Elongation = 57.28%) and PGA-2 (Strength = 57.34 cN; Elongation= 18.42%) perform the best mechanical properties. All the samples were non-toxicity, and PLA group degraded much slower than that of PGA group. In conclusion, this melt-spinning system showed potential in ACET application the optimum parameters (v?=?150 m/min, n?=?6) were proved to have the higher prospect.     

熔体快淬对纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x≈0～4)合金电化学贮氢性能的影响

为了改善Mg2Ni型合金的电化学贮氢性能,用Co部分替代合金中的Ni.用快淬工艺制备了纳米晶和非晶Mg20Ni10-xCox(x=0、1、2、3、4)贮氢合金,分析了铸态及快淬态合金的微观结构,测试了合金的电化学贮氢性能.研究了Co替代Ni及快淬工艺对合金电化学贮氢性能的影响.结果表明,Co替代Ni不改变合金的Mg2Ni主相,但形成了第二相MgCo2.在快淬(x=0)合金中没有发现非晶相,但快淬(x=4)合金显示了纳米晶、非晶结构,表明Co替代Ni提高了Mg2Ni型舍金的非晶形成能力.熔体快淬显著的改善了合金的电化学贮氢性能,合金放电容量和电化学循环稳定性均随淬速的增加而增加.     

热塑性聚醚酯弹性纤维

热塑性聚醚酯弹性纤维是热塑性弹性纤维的一种。文中介绍了热塑性聚醚酯的合成及其弹性纤维的熔融纺丝加工 ,对热塑性聚醚酯弹性纤维结构与性能 ,如 Tg、Tm、弹性回复等关系进行了综述。     

Ni50Mn27Ga23快淬薄带的马氏体相变和磁感生应变

采用快淬技术制各了非化学计量成分的Ni50Mn27Ga23多晶薄带，对快淬薄带的马氏体相变和磁感生应变进行了研究。结果表明，快淬薄带侄冷却和加热过程中仍然发牛热弹性马氏体相变及逆相变，具有典型的热弹性形状记忆效应，并且比铸态合金具有更大的应变，但是马氏体相变温度下降。快淬工艺在合金内部引入特定的内应力，使薄带形成织构，是合金获得更大相变应变和磁感卞应变的原因。热处理后，内应力大大降低，导致磁感牛应变降低。     

熔融纺丝法制备沥青基中空炭纤维

用自行设计的喷丝板，在单孔纺丝机上纺得了中空沥青纤维，文中讨论了这种喷丝板的设计原理。利用偏光显微镜，详细考察了熔纺工艺参数对纤维截面尺寸的影响。将纺得的中空沥青纤维进一步不熔化炭化，制得了中空炭纤维。ＳＥＭ分析了中空炭纤维的径向结构。     

Influence of substituting Ni with Co on hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of melt spun nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg2Ni-type alloys

In order to improve the hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of the Mg₂Ni-type alloys, Ni in the alloy is substituted by element Co. The nanocrystalline and amorphous Mg₂Ni-type Mg₂Ni_1−x Co _x (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) alloys were synthesized by melt-spinning technique. The structures of the as-cast and spun alloys were studied with an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a high resolution transmission electronic microscope (HRTEM). An investigation on the thermal stability of the as-spun alloys was carried out with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The hydrogen absorption and desorption kinetics of the alloys were measured with an automatically controlled Sieverts apparatus. The results demonstrate that the substitution of Co for Ni does not alter the major phase of Mg₂Ni but results in the formation of secondary phase MgCo₂. No amorphous phase is detected in the as-spun Co-free alloy, but a certain amount of amorphous phase is clearly found in the as-spun Co-containing alloys. The substitution of Co for Ni exerts a slight influence on the hydriding kinetics of the as-spun alloy. However, it dramatically enhances the dehydriding kinetics of the as-cast and spun alloys. As Co content (x) increases from 0 to 0.4, the hydrogen desorption capacity increases from 0.19% to 1.39% (mass fraction) in 20 min for the as-cast alloy, and from 0.89% to 2.18% (mass fraction) for the as-spun alloy (30 m/s).