A Review on the Separation of Niobium and Tantalum by Solvent Extraction

Niobium and tantalum are found together in natural minerals. Leaching with concentrated acid solution or alkaline roasting followed by water/dilute acid leaching results in a solution containing these two metals. In this work, we reviewed the extraction and separation of Nb(V) and Ta(V) from leach liquors in the absence and presence of hydrofluoric acid by acidic, neutral extractants and amines. Several solvent extraction systems were compared in the light of the requirement of hazardous chemicals, extraction/separation efficiency, and stability/solubility of extractants. Since the cationic species of Nb(V) and Ta(V) are unstable in the aqueous solution, the application of acidic extractants for extraction and separation of these metals is limited. Amines can extract Nb(V) as well as Ta(V) irrespective of the presence of fluoride ion but the separation of these metals from the loaded amines should be carried out in stripping process, resulting in process complexity. Another disadvantage encountered for amine is related to high viscosity in extraction process. Neutral extractants are considered as promising extractants which are effective to separate Ta(V) and Nb(V) from either non-fluoride or to moderate fluoride ion concentration in terms of extraction, separation and stripping efficiency. Compared to the traditional methyl iso-butyl ketone (MIBK) based system, methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK) is found to be a promising extractant to separate Nb(V) and Ta(V).     

ICP-AES法测定六氟化铀中的微量钽

以TBP-萃淋树脂萃取分离基体铀,通过对发生器功率、雾化气流量、样品提升量等进行条件试验,建立了六氟化铀中杂质元素钽的ICP-AES测定方法。在取样量为250 mgU时,方法的检出限为0.60μg/gU,方法的加标回收率为86.6%~113.4%,相对标准偏差小于12%。     

Pressureless sintering and properties of boron carbide composite materials

Boron carbide and Tantalum boride composites were prepared by pressureless sintering of B₄C with addition of TaC powder. The effect of TaC addition on the sinterability of boron carbide was studied. High densified ceramic with a relative density of 98.7% was obtained at sintering temperature of 2250°C. The composition and the microstructure of the dense composites are characterized by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The studies show that the composites contain boron carbide, TaB₂, and carbon phases with a homogeneous structure. In addition, the correlation between the composition and the electrical conductivity was investigated. The electrical conductivity of the composite increased with increasing addition of TaC, and a change in conduction behavior from semiconducting to metallic was observed. High hardness value of 28.49 ± 1.33 GPa was obtained by the sample with 30 wt% TaC addition.     

BCC金属物理型动态本构关系及在钽中的应用

构建了一种新的、基于塑性变形物理机制的BCC金属动态本构关系,然后将其应用于军用材料钽,通过采用新的约束条件下的多变量非线性规划方法,结合有关流应力实验数据确定出了多晶钽的本构模型。计算结果表明,该模型与实验数据吻合较好,而与Z-A本构模型相比其准确性得到提高,与NN-I本构模型相比预测能力接近,但实用性更强。另外,验证可知该模型的适用条件可以有效外推至很宽的温度及应变率范围。     

钽抛光及抛光机理的探究

为拓宽CMP技术应用领域,研究了中国工程物理研究院机械制造工艺研究所提供的钽片的抛光,打破过去以机械加工为主的加工手段,采用提高化学作用的方法,加入螯合剂、有机碱、活性剂等助剂,对钽进行抛光.结果发现,钽表面的粗糙度较小,表面状态良好,说明增强化学作用可以提高抛钽效果.对钽的CMP机理做了分析与推测,为钽CMP进一步研究奠定了基础.     

团化工艺对钽粉性能影响的研究

对采用团化工艺和未进行团化工艺处理的钽粉进行了分析比较,重点分析了其物理性能、化学成分及电气性能存在的差异。研究表明,采用团化处理的钽粉,其物理性能明显改善,颗粒均匀性好,漏电流、收缩率低,容量高,有利于提高压制块的成型性,降低烧结块的收缩率,提高电容器的容量,满足高比容、高压高可靠电容器的设计使用要求。     

激光增材制造难熔金属研究进展

难熔金属由于具有优异的综合性能而广泛应用于航空航天、装备制造、核工业及生物医疗等领域。但是由于高熔点及高韧脆转变温度的特点,尚存在加工制造困难、生产周期长、对设备要求高等问题,从而限制了其应用与发展。激光增材制造是近年来新兴的数字化制造技术之一,为制造和加工难熔金属提供了新的发展思路。本文重点介绍了近年来激光增材制造难熔金属的热点领域,包括钨及钨基重合金、纯钼及钼硅硼合金、铌硅及铌钛合金和多孔钽,对尚存在的问题进行了总结,最后对激光增材制造难熔金属未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

青海交通社铌钽矿床地质特征及控矿规律

交通社铌钽矿床是阿尔金造山带新发现的铌钽矿床。文章以该矿床为研究对象,通过开展矿床地质特征调查,研究总结矿床地质特征及控矿规律。交通社铌钽矿区划分的4条矿化带,其中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ矿带均为金矿;Ⅲ矿带为铌钽矿,圈出铌钽矿体6条,长200~2640m,厚度为4. 87~12. 35 m,品位(Nb2O5) 0. 016%~0. 034%,矿体受碱长花岗岩控制。矿化蚀变主要有:矽卡岩化、硅化、碳酸盐化和云英岩化,铌钽矿与矽卡岩化、云英岩化关系密切,铌钽矿矿石类型主要有铌铁矿石、钽铁矿石。铌钽矿受碱长花岗岩控制,位于碱长花岗岩与矽卡岩化带附近,铌钽矿体明显增高,矿体向深部具有品位变富厚度变大的趋势,铌钽矿中的铌、钽元素来源于碱长花岗岩,碱长花岗岩为成矿提供物质、能量、流体等多种条件,使矽卡岩化带附近大量的Nb、Ta等稀有、稀土元素在二云母片岩中富集,形成了铌钽富矿体。文章针对矿区的实际情况,提出并分析了找矿标志及找矿潜力,以期取得找矿突破。