氮含量对HPD-1双相不锈钢组织及力学性能的影响

通过显微组织观察与力学性能测试研究了氮含量(0.08%~0.22％,质量分数)对HPD-1双相不锈钢硬度、拉伸性能、低温冲击性能及疲劳性能的影响。结果表明,氮含量变化可显著影响试验钢γ/α相比例,当氮含量由0.08％升高到0.22％,γ相含量由38.1％提高至56.5％。α相的硬度由273 HV10提高到343 HV10,γ相的硬度由238 HV10提高到299 HV10,试验钢强度明显提升。氮元素对两相比例和奥氏体相韧性的双重影响导致试验钢低温冲击性能呈先上升后下降的趋势;更高的氮含量抑制疲劳裂纹萌生与拓展,是影响HPD-1双相不锈钢室温疲劳性能的主要因素。撕裂棱是疲劳断口的显著特征。     

150单缸机试验台冷却系统流动与传热计算分析

基于Flowmaster软件建立了150单缸柴油机试验台冷却系统流动与传热模型,并在某大功率发动机上进行了验证。在此基础上分析得到了冷却水温度和流量、气缸套和气缸盖温度变化对冷却水总传热流量的影响规律,以及管道尺寸、壁面粗糙度、冷却水流量对冷却水流动总阻力的影响规律。     

Thermomechanical nonlinear analysis of axially compressed carbon nanotube-reinforced composite cylindrical panels resting on elastic foundations with tangentially restrained edges

Buckling, postbuckling, and nonlinear responses of composite cylindrical panels reinforced by single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), supported by an elastic foundation, exposed to elevated temperature and axially compressed by uniform load are investigated in this article. Distribution of CNTs is uniform or graded in the thickness direction and the effective properties of CNT-reinforced composite are assumed to be temperature dependent, and are estimated by extended rule of mixture through a micromechanical model. Governing equations are established based on thin shell theory taking von Kármán–Donnell nonlinearity, initial geometrical imperfection, Pasternak-type elastic foundation and tangential elastic constraints of boundary edges into consideration. Approximate solutions of deflection and stress functions are assumed to satisfy simply supported boundary conditions, and Galerkin method is applied to derive explicit expressions of load–deflection relation from which critical buckling loads can be obtained. Unlike works in the literature, the present study accounts for elasticity of tangential restraint of two unloaded straight edges in model of cylindrical panel. The study also gives conditions for which bifurcation type buckling response can occur and novel findings in numerical examples.     

Effect of low-pressure carburizing and plasma nitriding on mechanical properties and fatigue endurance limits of low alloy sintered steels

ABSTRACT

Thermochemical treatments like plasma nitriding or surface carburizing are commonly used to enhance surface hardness of steel components. An important difference between these treatments is the temperature at which they are carried out. In the present paper, the surface carburizing was carried out following a recently reported non-isothermal low pressure carburizing (LPC) treatment. In order to gain a comparative view of the effect of different treatments on the microstructure, microhardness, fatigue and impact properties, materials with distinct hardenability and widely used in the industrial production were evaluated. Tests were also carried out using industrially processed components aimed to an application demanding high wear resistance. The microstructural evolution during case hardening was studied by optical and electron microscopy.     

H13钢等离子堆焊Ni60A/Cr3C2覆层的磨损及热疲劳性能

采用等离子堆焊技术在H13钢基体表面上制备了Ni60A/Cr₃C₂堆焊覆层,研究了覆层的磨损行为和热疲劳性能。在600 ℃下销盘试验的结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层的耐磨性是Ni60A堆焊覆层的2.8倍和基材H13钢的11.6倍。镍基覆层可以显著降低H13钢的摩擦因数,加入碳化铬则会削弱覆层的摩擦性能。随着磨损的进行,主要磨损机理从氧化磨损演变为磨粒磨损和粘着磨损。在800 ℃到室温下的热疲劳测试结果表明,镍基碳化铬复合覆层在48个热循环后疲劳裂纹达到200 μm,早于镍基覆层的62次。这说明高温氧化促进热疲劳裂纹的产生。碳化铬增强相从镍基上剥离,导致镍基复合覆层热疲劳性能下降。     

夹杂物对工程机械用钢Q345FCA疲劳寿命的影响

采用QBWP-6000J型简支梁旋转弯曲疲劳试验机测定了高疲劳寿命工程机械用钢Q345FCA的疲劳寿命;采用扫描电镜(SEM)对疲劳断口形貌进行了观察,并用附带的能谱仪(EDS)寻找断口上的夹杂物;借助夹杂物自动分析系统对钢中的夹杂物进行了分析。通过对试验数据的分析,计算得出了Q345FCA钢和Q345钢夹杂物的表面临界尺寸、次表面临界尺寸和内部临界尺寸。结果表明,Q345FCA钢的疲劳极限为273 MPa,Q345钢的疲劳极限为266 MPa。Q345FCA钢和Q345钢中夹杂物尺寸均小于临界夹杂物尺寸,且断口形貌显示所有疲劳断裂均不是由夹杂物所引起,夹杂物不是疲劳源。     

某G105钻杆管体刺穿失效原因分析

针对某井G105钻杆管体刺穿失效问题，通过化学成分分析、力学性能测试、金相检测、扫描电镜（SEM）等手段，对该失效钻杆管体刺穿失效原因进行综合分析。结果表明，钻杆管体刺穿的主要原因是在交变载荷作用和Cl-作用下，钻杆外表面腐蚀坑底的裂纹萌生并加速扩展，当裂纹扩展穿透整个壁厚时，高压钻井液从内孔刺出，形成冲蚀，导致管体刺穿失效。最后指出，应加强对同批钻杆的无损探伤检验，避免带腐蚀疲劳微裂纹的钻杆下井使用。     

Processing of AlSi9Cu3 alloy by selective laser melting

ABSTRACT

Additive manufacturing of Al-alloys allows the production of components with a complicated structured shape, geometry composed by lattice structures, internal cooling, etc. The portfolio of Al-alloys for metal additive manufacturing is still under development and is strongly limited, compared to the conventional technology. The alloy AlSi9Cu3 is used in many applications, but its processing details are still missing. The main aim of this paper is to describe the laser process parameters for AlSi9Cu3, processed by SLM technology and manufactured from two powders of different shapes and particle sizes. The tested process parameters were laser power, laser speed, and hatch distance in the range of 100–400?W, 200–1500?mm?·?s^?1 and 90–150?µm. These were tested using a single-track and cube test. Microstructure, mechanical properties and the fatigue of SLM samples were analysed and compared with as-casted material.     

高温环境下编织-嵌槽型金属橡胶的疲劳特性分析

采用拉-压式组合试验工装，以位移控制的加载方式对编织-嵌槽型金属橡胶进行了疲劳试验，研究了常温（25 ℃）及高温（300 ℃）环境下编织-嵌槽型金属橡胶在不同加载振幅下的疲劳特性，并通过平均刚度、等效黏性阻尼系数及其损伤因子对构件的损伤演化过程进行了表征。结果表明：编织-嵌槽型金属橡胶构件的疲劳损伤形式表现为磨损、断丝以及塑性变形；构件在各种试验条件下的疲劳过程均可分为刚度强化期和刚度衰减期，而构件力学性能的衰减主要发生在刚度衰减期；温度的升高或振幅的增大均会显著增大构件的积累损伤，进而缩短其使用寿命。     

基于改进应变能密度法的电动轮自卸车车架焊缝疲劳寿命预测

针对复杂载荷作用下焊接结构应力应变响应出现非完全封闭而交叉的现象，考虑封闭环以外的塑性应变能密度，提出了一种改进的应变能密度计算方法。通过设计制作对接接头试验试件，开展了焊接接头机械性能和疲劳试验研究，获取了Ramberg|Osgood方程参量并构建了基于总应变能密度的疲劳损伤模型。建立了电动轮自卸车车架有限元模型，开展了车架焊缝多载荷步非线性有限元分析。结合新方法和数值模拟得到的应力应变响应计算危险点各应变能密度，依据拟合的疲劳损伤模型进行寿命预测，计算结果与实际失效位置和开裂时间吻合较好。