Preparation of transparent Y2O3 ceramic via gel casting: Realization of high solid volume via surface modification

In this article, isocyanate was adopted to modify Y₂O₃ powder for the purpose of preparing transparent Y₂O₃ ceramics via gel casting. The modification could enhance the hydration resistance of Y₂O₃ powder through the steric hindrance effect. The coating mechanism can be proved by the infrared spectrum of the surface-modified Y₂O₃ powder. Modification could not only prevent Y₂O₃ particles from reacting with water, but also prevents agglomeration between particles. The viscosity of the slurry with a solid content of 52.7 vol% is only 0.48 Pa·s at the shear rate of 100 s⁻¹, which is suitable for preparing high-density compacts by gel casting. The transmittance of the sample (1840°C × 8 h, 1 mm thickness) at 1100 nm reaches 75%. The microstructure of the sintered body is dense with the average grain size of 6.5 μm without obvious impurities nor pores. Five mol% ZrO₂-doped Y₂O₃ transparent ceramic fairing with the diameter of 5 cm without defects was successfully fabricated by gel casting (52.7 vol% solid volume) and vacuum sintering (1840°C × 8 h).     

Improving oxidation resistance of porous FeAl-based intermetallics with high boron/yttrium alloying

The coalloying with high contents of chromium (Cr), boron (B) and yttrium (Y) for porous B2-structured FeAl intermetallics fabricated through reactive synthesis was conducted. The oxidation behaviors of porous FeAl-based materials were investigated by evaluating the pore-structure evolution, oxidation kinetics and oxide-scale configuration. The results show that with the coalloying of high contents of Cr, B and Y, the oxidation mass gains of porous FeAl materials at 600?800 °C are significantly reduced. The combination of B enriched on the surface of oxide scales and Y located at the scale?metal interface promotes the formation of thin protective nodular α-Al₂O₃ oxide scales. It is indicated that introducing relatively high contents of reactive elements such as B and Y can benefit the selective growth of α-Al₂O₃ scales at relatively low temperatures without pre-treatment.     

Improved thermal conductivity of β-Si3N4 ceramics by lowering SiO2/Y2O3 ratio using YH2 as sintering additive

A two-step sintering process was conducted to produce β-Si₃N₄ ceramics with high thermal conductivity. During the first step, native SiO₂ was eliminated, and Y₂O₃ was in situ generated by a metal hydride reduction process, resulting in a high Y₂O₃/SiO₂ ratio. The substitution YH₂ for Y₂O₃ endow Si₃N₄ ceramics with an increase of 29% in thermal conductivity from 95.3 to 123 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ after sintered at 1900°C for 12 hours despite an inferior sinterability. This was primarily attributed to the purified enlarged grains, devitrified grain boundary phase, and reduced lattice oxygen content in the YH₂-MgO-doped material.     

柠檬酸凝胶法制备Er,Tm∶Yb3Al5O12纳米粉体及发光性能

以柠檬酸为燃烧剂,采用柠檬酸凝胶法制备了Er,Tm∶Yb3Al5O12(Er,Tm:YbAG)纳米粉体,其最佳的制备工艺条件:Er3+和Tm3+掺杂的摩尔分数分别为2%和1%,柠檬酸与金属硝酸盐原子总数的摩尔比为1.7∶1,煅烧温度和时间分别为950℃和2h。制备的粉体颗粒为规则球形,粒径均匀、分散性好,平均粒径约为45nm。研究了样品的发光性能,结果表明:2%Er,1%Tm∶YbAG样品的发光性能最好,在1 587、1 658和1 711nm处有较强发射峰,分别对应Er3+的4 I13/2→4 I15/2跃迁和Tm3+的3 F4→3 H6跃迁。样品的上转换光谱表明,上转换荧光峰包括了蓝光、绿光和红光。     

Er对Al-Zn-Mg合金微观组织与摩擦性能的影响

采用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、透射电镜(TEM)和材料表面综合测试仪研究了Er对Al-Zn-Mg合金微观组织和力学性能的影响,并研究其在不同载荷下的摩擦磨损行为。结果表明,添加Er后合金伸长率提高约30%,晶粒尺寸明显细化,平均晶粒尺寸减小约68%。合金在摩擦过程中经历了摩擦副磨合和稳定磨损两个阶段,随着载荷的增大,摩擦因数曲线波动增大。O在摩擦层大量富集,证明了氧化磨损机制的存在。加载载荷为30 N时为磨粒磨损、疲劳磨损以及粘着磨损混合作用机制;加载载荷为70 N时磨粒磨损加剧并伴随疲劳磨损,且添加Er可以降低合金表面的剥落趋势,从而减少磨损。     

Nb微合金化对Cr-Ni-Mo-V系高强钢组织及力学性能的影响

对含Nb与不含Nb的Cr-Ni-Mo-V系高强钢进行880℃×1 h淬火+300℃×3 h回火处理,并采用SEM、EBSD、TEM和物理化学相分析等技术分别对其微观组织和析出相进行观察分析。结果表明,添加了0.035%Nb的试验钢组织得到细化,马氏体板条块尺寸从3.1μm下降至2.9μm,且Nb的添加使得MC型析出相的含量增加,析出相尺寸分布得到优化,尺寸在18～200 nm的析出相含量明显增加。由于析出相含量的增加,固溶C含量有所下降,加之含Nb试验钢中的原始C含量稍低,导致含Nb钢的强度稍有下降,但仍达到2000 MPa水平。而马氏体组织的细化及析出相尺寸分布的优化使含Nb试验钢韧性明显提升,室温和-40℃低温冲击吸收能量(KU₂)均提高至44 J。     

合金元素含量对汽车大梁用610L钢组织与性能的影响

采用“调Si、降Nb、加Ti”的合金设计理念,结合优化的控轧控冷工艺,开发出一种新型汽车大梁用610 MPa级Ti-Nb-Si系低碳微合金钢。结果表明,当Si、Nb和Ti的质量分数分别为0.04%、0.03%和0.06%时,试验钢在热轧后水冷(15～20℃/s)至卷取温度时的显微组织为铁素体+珠光体,且在铁素体基体内分布着高密度的纳米析出相,综合力学性能较好,屈服强度为539 MPa,抗拉强度为633 MPa,伸长率为20.5%,扩孔率为66.4%,各项力学性能和扩孔性能均满足汽车大梁用610L钢的性能要求。     

微合金化技术开发800MPa级高韧直缝焊管钢

采用微合金化和热轧后超快冷等技术生产得到800 MPa级高韧直缝钢管钢,借助OM、SEM、TEM和室温拉伸等,研究了试验钢不同区域的组织与性能。研究表明,试验钢的热轧组织主要是粒状贝氏体+少量板条贝氏体;焊接热影响区粒状贝氏体体积分数减少到32.7%,板条贝氏体体积分数增加到30.5%,组织中出现针状铁素体和少量马氏体。试验钢热轧区主要以Ti为主进行复合微合金化,综合运用固溶强化、细晶强化、位错强化和析出强化,具有高的强韧性,屈服强度为804 MPa、抗拉强度为852 MPa、伸长率为21.5%。     

Physicochemical properties of Ni-loaded yttrium stabilized zirconia nanotubes for solid oxide fuel cells

Yttrium-stabilized zirconia nanotubes (YSZNTs) were prepared using a conventional hydrothermal method, and their characteristics were compared with those of yttrium-stabilized zirconia nanoparticles (YSZNPs) synthesized in this study and with those of commercial YSZNPs (CYSZNPs). YSZNTs had widths and lengths of 20–30 nm and 100–700 nm respectively. The electrical conductivity of NiO (60.0 wt%)-loaded YSZNTs (40.0 wt%) was higher than those of NiO/YSZNPs and NiO/CYSZNPs at the same NiO loading. The zeta-potentials of YSZNTs in aqueous solution, determined by electrophoretic light scattering (ELS), indicated high positive surface charges at lower pH values, which is known to be related to surface stability, but negative values at high pH. The results of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) confirmed that NiO(60.0 wt%)/YSZNTs (E_red = −0.445 mV) were more reduced than NiO/YSZNPs (E_red = −0.517 mV) and NiO/CYSZNPs (E_red = −0.516 mV).     

L—α-白氨酸与硝酸镱、销酸钇固体配合物的制备与表征

利用硝酸镱和硝酸钇在苯和无水乙醇中与白氨酸作用,制备了它们1:3型固体配合物。经元素分析、熔点测定和X—射线粉末衍射,说明它们是新化合物,组成为RE(Leu)_3(NO_3)_3·2H_2O(RE=Yb·Y,Leu—L—α—leucine);摩尔电导测定表明它们在水中为1:3型电解质;IR光谱说明稀土离子与内盐形式的白氨酸羧基配位;TG—DTG曲线表明配合物受热分解分两个阶段进行。