云南17种核桃仁氨基酸组成分析及营养价值评价

采集云南17个产地的核桃仁并测定其蛋白质及氨基酸含量,通过氨基酸分类、氨基酸比值系数法、聚类分析法综合考察氨基酸模式及营养价值。结果表明,各地的核桃仁都富含17种氨基酸(色氨酸未检测),氨基酸总量为3.35%～5.14%,必需氨基酸含量为1.13%～1.76%,药效氨基酸含量占氨基酸总量的67.47%～68.63%,呈味氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的36.86%～40.63%。所测核桃仁氨基酸模式中必需氨基酸搭配不均衡,第一限制性氨基酸为赖氨酸。核桃仁的比值系数分为61.48～69.54,其营养价值相对较好。经聚类分析得出,云南17种核桃仁中娘青(漾濞)、鲁甸大麻1号(昭通)、宁香(昌宁)、寻倘1号(寻甸)、庆丰3号(昭仁5)产地的核桃仁品质最好。     

Expression of Genes Controlling Unsaturated Fatty Acids Biosynthesis and Oil Deposition in Developing Seeds of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.)

Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L., Euphorbiaceae) seed oil is rich in α-linolenic acid, a kind of n-3 fatty acids with many health benefits. To discover the mechanism underlying α-linolenic acid accumulation in sacha inchi seeds, preliminary research on sacha inchi seed development was carried out from one week after fertilization until maturity, focusing on phenology, oil content, and lipid profiles. The results suggested that the development of sacha inchi seeds from pollination to mature seed could be divided into three periods. In addition, investigations on the effect of temperature on sacha inchi seeds showed that total oil content decreased in the cool season, while unsaturated fatty acid and linolenic acid concentrations increased. In parallel, expression profiles of 17 unsaturated fatty acid related genes were characterized during seed development and the relationships between gene expression and lipid/unsaturated fatty acid accumulation were discussed.     

Spore Dispersal of Fetid Lysurus mokusin by Feces of Mycophagous Insects

The ecological roles and biological mechanisms of zoochory in plants have long been foci in studies of co-evolutionary processes between plants and animals. However, the dispersal of fungal spores by animals has received comparatively little attention. In this study, the dispersal of spores of a selected fetid fungus, Lysurus mokusin, via feces of mycophagous insects was explored by: collecting volatiles emitted by the fungus using dynamic headspace extraction and analyzing them by GC-MS; testing the capacity of mycophagous insects to disperse its spores by counting spores in their feces; comparing the germinability of L. mokusin spores extracted from feces of nocturnal earwigs and natural gleba of the fungus; and assessing the ability of L. mokusin volatiles to attract insects in bioassays with synthetic scent mixtures. Numerous spores were detected in insects’ feces, the bioassays indicated that L. mokusin odor (similar to that of decaying substances) attracts diverse generalist mycophagous insects, and passage through the gut of Anisolabis maritima earwigs significantly enhanced the germination rate of L. mokusin spores. Therefore, nocturnal earwigs and diurnal flies probably play important roles in dispersal of L. mokusin spores, and dispersal via feces may be an important common dispersal mechanism for fungal reproductive tissue.     

米非司酮在依沙吖啶中期妊娠引产中的价值

目的探讨米非司酮配伍依沙吖啶用于中期妊娠引产的效果。方法依沙吖啶100mg羊膜腔注射,同时口服米非司酮50mg,每12小时1次,至胎儿娩出。单用依沙吖啶100mg羊膜腔注射为对照组。结果观察组用药至分娩时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05),观察组清宫率较对照组低(P<0.05)。结论米非司酮配伍依沙吖啶有协同作用,能有效促进宫颈成熟,缩短引产时间,减少胎盘、蜕膜残留,降低清宫率。     

云南面向东盟区域物流人才需求调查报告

重点调查了云南面向东盟的物流发展机遇背景下物流人才的供需状况,指出人才瓶颈是云南由“物流的末端”变为“中国面向东盟的物流桥头堡”的障碍,提出了相应的对策措施。     

Naegeli茶螺烷合成方法的改进

对Naegeli报道的以β-紫罗兰酮为原料经乙酸异丙烯酯酯交换、硼氢化钠还原成逆紫罗兰醇再环化合成茶螺烷的方法进行了改进,改进后的合成方法反应副产物巨豆三烯含量从15%降至4%,反应时间明显缩短,茶螺烷的收率从75%提高至84.5%。     

Rational Biosynthetic Engineering for Optimization of Geldanamycin Analogues

Tailor made : We report the rational biosynthesis of C15 hydroxylated non‐quinone geldanamycin analogues by site‐directed mutagenesis of the geldanamycin polyketide synthase (PKS), together with a combination of post‐PKS tailoring genes. Rational biosynthetic engineering allowed the generation of geldanamycin derivatives, such as DHQ3 illustrated in the figure, which had superior pharmacological properties in comparison to the parent compound.

     

Phenolic antioxidants from Chinese toon (fresh young leaves and shoots of Toona sinensis)

Chinese toon (the fresh young leaves and shoots of Toona sinensis), known as a tree vegetable, belongs to the family of Meliaceae. It is one of the most popular vegetables in China. The 80% acetone extract of Chinese toon exhibited considerable antioxidant activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryldydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging assay. Bioassay-guided purification of the extract led to the isolation of 12 phenolic compounds (1–12), whose structures were determined by detailed spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Of them, compounds 3–8 and 11 were isolated from T. sinensis for the first time. All of the isolated compounds were examined for their antioxidant activities by the DPPH method, and the results showed that gallic acid and its derivatives, gallotannins and flavonoids were the main constituents contributing to the antioxidant activity of Chinese toon. From the health point of view, Chinese toon is an ideal dietary vegetable with natural antioxidants.     

A new trihydroxy fatty acid from the ascomycete, Chinese truffle Tuber indicum

From the chloroform/methanol extract of the fruiting bodies of the ascomycete Chinese truffle Tuber indicum Cooke et Massee, a new trihydroxylated monounsaturated fatty acid (1) has been isolated. The structure of this new linoleic acid-derived metabolite was established as 9,10,11-trihydroxy-(12Z)-12-octadecenoic acid by means of spectroscopic and chemical methods. The fatty acid composition of the chloroform-soluble fraction of this fungus was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The content of the predominant unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and linoleic acids) is as high as 68%. The use of dimethyl disulfide adduct was effective in the determination of the position of the double bond, and the glycol oxidation fission reaction with sodium metaperiodate supported on silica gel was helpful in establishing the location of the trihydroxylic groups in the new fatty acid.