A novel approach based on artificial neural network for calibration of multi-hole pressure probes

Imperfections in the manufacturing process of flow measuring probes affect their measuring behavior. Nevertheless, in order to provide the highest possible accuracy, each individual multi-hole pressure probe has to be calibrated before using them in turbomachinery. This paper presents a novel method based on artificial neural networks (ANN) to predict the flow parameters of multi-hole pressure probes. A two-stage ANN approach using multilayer perceptron (MLP) is proposed in this study. The two-stage prediction approach involves two MLP networks, which represent the calibration data and the prediction error. For a given set of inputs, outputs from both networks are combined to estimate the measured value. The calibration data of a 5-hole probe at RWTH Aachen was used to develop and validate the proposed ANN models and two-stage prediction approach. The results showed that the ANN can predict the flow parameters with high accuracy. Using the two-stage approach, the prediction accuracy was further improved compared to polynomial functions, i.e. a commonly used method in probe calibration. Furthermore, the proposed approach offers high interpolation capabilities while preventing overfitting (i.e. failure to fit new data). Unlike polynomials, it is shown that the ANN based method can provide accurate predictions at intermediate points without large oscillations.     

PXRF技术在获各琦铜矿铜品位测定中的应用

针对获各琦铜矿选矿厂指导生产的样品化验过程繁琐、时间长、不能快速精确指导生产的问题，利用便携式X荧光仪对标准样进行快速测试，但仪器检测结果误差较大。通过研究测试时间、稳定性及次数对检测结果的影响，得出对铜原矿、铜尾矿样进行1次30～45 s测试获得的结果数据稳定；利用相关性分析，获得原尾矿测试数据与标准值的线性方程对测试数据快速校准后，测试结果满足选厂指导生产使用，提高了选厂的生产能力，实现了创收增效。     

中国第一个氡及氡子体刻度和试验装置

我国第一个氡及氡子体刻度和试验装置(简称氡室)已于1988年建立。本文介绍了该氡室的构成,测控能力及其技术服务项目。现已应用于氡及氡子体测量仪的刻度、比对和性能测试,在应用中进一步完善了测控能力。     

孔隙水压力计埋设过程中的问题研究

孔隙水压力计在实际使用过程中,通常不能按照规范那样进行现场标定,现场常采用无套管钻孔埋设孔隙水压力计,从而可能会影响孔隙水压力计精度,且在实际使用过程中量程选择也是一个难题.针对这种情形,通过分析常压标定方式误差、量程选择问题及无套管埋设孔隙水压力计,得出采用的现场常压标定及无套管埋设是可行的.     

A method to consider replaced pipes in modeling of sewer pipe deterioration

Statistical models that predict the deterioration of sewer pipes are useful for planning financial resources required for sewer renewal. Usually, data that are available to calibrate these models solely concern pipes that are still in place, leading to underestimated deterioration rates. A new method is proposed to consider possible past replacement of pipes in the statistical modeling of their deterioration. The proposed method considers the aging of pipes, simulated with a Cox model, and their probability to be replaced separately. Application to a synthetic sewer network, for which it was assumed that information regarding all pipe replacements over the lifetime of the network was available, showed that the proposed method allows for improved predictions of the sewer deterioration model, when compared to predictions of a model calibrated without considering the information about replaced pipes.     

Incorporation of prior information on parameters in inverse transient analysis for leak detection and roughness calibration

Leak detection and calibration of hydraulic models for water distribution systems (WDS), including the pipe roughness and other parameters, is undoubtedly a critically important issue. This paper first briefly reviews the relevant literature. After addressing some general issues regarding prior information (PI) on calibration parameters, an inverse transient model, capable of detecting leaks and internal pipe roughness in WDS, is presented. The classic objective function of the weighted least squares type is generalized by adding terms accounting for PI on calibration parameters. The methodology presented is general in that it can be applied to any WDS inverse model. It is then shown that PI, when used in a certain way, conditions the inverse problem and thus improves the solution obtained. As a part of the suggested approach, a procedure for careful and effective use of PI on the parameters in inverse transient problems is suggested. Finally, the methodology is applied to three case studies, leading to some general conclusions about the value and use of PI.     

火炸药多组分气体现场测量装置动态校准技术研究

利用自研的火炸药专用自动配气系统和实验室校准装置,通过混合气体校准以及"预估-校准-逼近"的方法,对火炸药气体现场测量装置进行了动态校准。结果表明,多组分气体动态校准技术实现了火炸药配方燃烧爆轰过程产生气体的准确测量。混合气体校准相对标准偏差RSD≤0.3%,保证了动态测量数值的有效统一和量值传递。     

抗(耐)震压力表液压伺服脉动校验装置应用研究

执行SY/T 6817—2010《抗(耐)震压力表校准方法》对抗(耐)震压力表进行校验时,需要在量程的30%～40%之间的一个检验点上施加正弦波脉动压力,其幅度不大于该点压力值的10%,脉动频率为（60±5）次/min。为了获得这样的脉动压力源,采取气驱液泵预压产生检验点基准值,及利用液驱液增压缸产生10%增幅的高压值,通过伺服液压控制增压缸活塞的往复运动产生波动范围在基准值和高压值之间的正弦脉动。研制的校验装置脉动频率和幅度设定方便、环境参数影响小,通过工控机采集卡控制,显示界面明晰、控制精度高,适合于试验室、检定室校验抗(耐)震压力表使用等。     

Application of the Electrodiffusion Method to Measure Wall Shear Stress: Integrating Theory and Practice

The electrodiffusion method has been used in fluid dynamic research for the past 50 years. It allows the measurement of wall shear stress, a crucial parameter, e.g., for the cleaning of membrane modules used in water filtration. Various authors have published articles dealing with the theory behind this technique. But no paper collects all the knowledge assembled over five decades of application. Here, comprehensive summary of the theory of steady flow, unsteady flow, and transient voltage step experiments is given. Factors influencing the accuracy of the measurements are discussed. Furthermore, a new approach to calibrate the system from voltage step experiments is introduced, and practical issues related to its application in flow measurements are discussed for an exemplary signal response to a near‐wall flow.