Proposed network structures and combined adaptive algorithms for electrocardiogram signal denoising

An electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is a record of the electrical activities of heart muscle and is used clinically to diagnose heart diseases. An ECG signal should be presented as clear as possible to support accurate decisions made by doctors. This article proposes different combinations of combined adaptive algorithms to derive different noise-cancelling structures to remove (denoise) different kinds of noise from ECG signals. The algorithms are applied to the following types of noise: power line interference, baseline wander, electrode motion artifact, and muscle artifacts. Moreover, the results of the suggested models and algorithms are compared with those of conventional denoising tools such as the discrete wavelet transform, an adaptive filter, and a multilayer neural network (NN) to ensure the superiority of the proposed combined structures and algorithms. Furthermore, the hybrid concept is based on dual, triple, and quadruple combinations of well-known algorithms that derive adaptive filters, such as the least mean squares, normalized least mean squares and recursive least squares algorithms. The combinations are formulated based on partial update, variable step-size (VSS), and second iterative VSS algorithms, which are considered in different combinations. In addition, biased NN and unbiased linear neural network (ULNN) structures are considered. The performance of the different structures and related algorithms are evaluated by measuring the post-signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error, and percentage root mean square difference.     

ECG heart beat classification method based on modified ABC algorithm

Electrocardiogram is the most commonly used tool for the diagnosis of cardiologic diseases. In order to help cardiologists to diagnose the arrhythmias automatically, new methods for automated, computer aided ECG analysis are being developed. In this paper, a Modified Artificial Bee Colony (MABC) algorithm for ECG heart beat classification is introduced. It is applied to ECG data set which is obtained from MITBIH database and the result of MABC is compared with seventeen other classifier's accuracy.In classification problem, some features have higher distinctiveness than others. In this study, in order to find higher distinctive features, a detailed analysis has been done on time domain features. By using the right features in MABC algorithm, high classification success rate (99.30%) is obtained. Other methods generally have high classification accuracy on examined data set, but they have relatively low or even poor sensitivities for some beat types. Different data sets, unbalanced sample numbers in different classes have effect on classification result. When a balanced data set is used, MABC provided the best result as 97.96% among all classifiers.Not only part of the records from examined MITBIH database, but also all data from selected records are used to be able to use developed algorithm on a real time system in the future by using additional software modules and making adaptation on a specific hardware.     

Feature selection for ECG signal processing using improved genetic algorithm and empirical mode decomposition

This paper proposes a novel scheme of feature selection, which employs a modified genetic algorithm that uses a variable-range searching strategy and empirical mode decomposition (EMD). Combined with support vector machines (SVMs), a new pattern recognition method for electrocardiograph (ECG) is developed. First, the ECG signal is decomposed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) that represent signal characteristics with sample oscillatory modes. Then, the modified genetic algorithm with variable-range encoding and dynamic searching strategy is used to optimize statistical feature subsets. Next, a statistical model based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is developed to select the dominant features. Finally, the SVM-based pattern recognition model is used to classify different ECG patterns. Comparative studies with peer-reviewed results and two other well-known feature selection methods demonstrate that the proposed method can select dominant features in processing ECG signal, and achieve better classification performance with lower feature dimensionality.     

Cloud enabled fractal based ECG compression in wireless body sensor networks

E-health applications deal with a huge amount of biological signals such as ECG generated by body sensor networks (BSN). Moreover, many healthcare organizations require access to these records. Therefore, cloud is widely used in healthcare systems to serve as a central service repository. To minimize the traffic going to and coming from cloud ECG compression is one of the proposed solutions to overcome this problem. In this paper, a new fractal based ECG lossy compression technique is proposed. It is found that the ECG signal self-similarity characteristic can be used efficiently to achieve high compression ratios. The proposed technique is based on modifying the popular fractal model to be used in compression in conjunction with the iterated function system. The ECG signal is divided into equal blocks called range blocks. Subsequently, another down-sampled copy of the ECG signal is created which is called domain. For each range block the most similar block in the domain is found. As a result, fractal coefficients (i.e. parameters defining fractal compression model) are calculated and stored inside the compressed file for each ECG signal range block. In order to make our technique cloud friendly, the decompression operation is designed in such a way that allows the user to retrieve part of the file (i.e. ECG segment) without decompressing the whole file. Therefore, the clients do not need to download the full compressed file before they can view the result. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and compared with other existing lossy ECG compression techniques. It is found that the proposed technique can achieve a higher compression ratio of 40 with lower Percentage Residual Difference (PRD) Value less than 1%.     

Discriminant analysis of multivariate time series: Application to diagnosis based on ECG signals

In analysing ECG data, the main aim is to differentiate between the signal patterns of healthy subjects and those of individuals with specific heart conditions. We propose an approach for classifying multivariate ECG signals based on discriminant and wavelet analyses. For this purpose we use multiple-scale wavelet variances and wavelet correlations to distinguish between the patterns of multivariate ECG signals based on the variability of the individual components of each ECG signal and on the relationships between every pair of these components. Using the results of other ECG classification studies in the literature as references, we demonstrate that our approach applied to 12-lead ECG signals from a particular database compares favourably. We also demonstrate with real and synthetic ECG data that our approach to classifying multivariate time series out-performs other well-known approaches for classifying multivariate time series.     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的ECG消噪

 提出一种基于Hilbert-Huang变换的ECG消噪方法,该方法对含噪ECG进行经验模态分解,对分解后的IMF进行Hilbert频谱分析,然后根据ECG信号噪声特点对三种主要噪声分别消噪.工频干扰和高频噪声主要存在于ECG的低阶IMF中,而基线漂移主要存在于ECG的高阶IMF中,对低阶IMF采用基于自适应阈值的形态学滤波方法进行消噪,对高阶IMF采用平滑滤波法进行基线漂移估计.仿真实验和实际应用结果表明该方法优于小波消噪法,不仅对三种主要噪声具有较好的抑制作用,还能很好的保留ECG波形特征.     

Efficient sign based normalized adaptive filtering techniques for cancelation of artifacts in ECG signals: Application to wireless biotelemetry

In this paper, several simple and efficient sign based normalized adaptive filters, which are computationally superior having multiplier free weight update loops are used for cancelation of noise in electrocardiographic (ECG) signals. The proposed implementation is suitable for applications such as biotelemetry, where large signal to noise ratios with less computational complexity are required. These schemes mostly employ simple addition, shift operations and achieve considerable speed up over the other least mean square (LMS) based realizations. Simulation studies shows that the proposed realization gives better performance compared to existing realizations in terms of signal to noise ratio and computational complexity.     

基于STM32的MIT-BIH心电数据的D/A回放

设计基于STM32的MIT-BIH心电数据D/A回放,对整体设计方案、硬件组成、软件设计等进行了介绍。通过读取心电数据将其进行D/A转换,输出波形与原始波形进行比较,较好地实现了回放功能。由此可见,该系统的性能指标达到了设计要求。能很好地实现心电数据回放,为一系列心电算法的仿真实践及实时心电监护仪的研制打好了基础。     

便携式动态健康信息监测仪设计

基于实时检测、显示并存储人体运动量、体温和心电等重要生理参数的目的,采用16位低功耗单片机MSP430F149为核心,三维加速度传感器模块MMA7260、温度传感器DS18B20以及心电电极作为采集模块,设计一款低功耗便携式动态健康信息监测仪。通过仿真、样机测试等方法验证此监测仪能够实时检测、按键控制显示并存储各生理参...     

一种基于指令域示波器的数控加工工艺参数优化方法

针对当前国内外数控加工工艺参数优化只能离线操作的问题,进行了基于华中数控8型高档数控系统二次开发,完成了一套实时采集的指令域示波器模块,实现机床数据挖掘、分析、工艺参数优化等功能与数控系统的集成,完成机床加工状态心电图实时监测。通过指令域分析加工负载电流优化进给速率,可以大大提高加工效率。该方法操作方便,已经在航空航天复杂零件加工等领域得到了验证应用,加工效率提高了30%~40%。